Abstract: A solar cell is disclosed. The solar cell incudes a substrate, a dielectric layer formed on a backside of the substrate, and a plurality of non-contiguous deposited emitter regions having a first polarity on the dielectric layer. The solar cell also includes at least one deposited emitter region having a second polarity on the dielectric layer, laterally disposed to the plurality of non-contiguous deposited emitter regions.

Abstract: A method for evaluating the operation of a photovoltaic installation in an environment, the photovoltaic installation comprising several photovoltaic modules, the method being implemented by a computer and comprising the following steps: Collecting input data relative to the environment and to the photovoltaic installation, determining irradiance parameters to be used by an irradiance calculating model on the basis of the input data, at least one irradiance parameter being a spatial variation of the albedo, called spatially resolved albedo, of a surface reflecting the sunlight on the photovoltaic modules, determining the effective irradiance received by the photovoltaic installation on the basis of the irradiance calculating model, of the input data and of the determined irradiance parameter(s), and determining the effective energy produced by the photovoltaic installation as a function of the determined effective irradiance and of the input data.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a heat sink (5) for bi-facial photovoltaic modules (3) configured to be secured to the back side (3b) of at least one bi-facial photovoltaic module (3) wherein the heat sink (5) comprises a plurality of rods (11) having a thermal conductivity higher than 10 W·m?1·K?1 and arranged as a mesh configured to be in contact with the back side (3b) of the bi-facial photovoltaic module (3).

Abstract: The present invention refers to a heat sink (5) for bi-facial photovoltaic modules (3) configured to be secured to the back side (3b) of at least one bi-facial photovoltaic module (3) wherein the heat sink (5) comprises a plurality of rods (11) having a thermal conductivity higher than 10 W.m?1.K?1 and arranged as a mesh configured to be in contact with the back side (3b) of the bi-facial photovoltaic module (3).

Abstract: The present invention refers to a heat sink (5) for bifacial photovoltaic modules (3) configured to be secured to the back side (3b) of the at least one bi-facial photovoltaic module (3) wherein the heat sink (5) comprises at least one fin (11) which extends outward from the back side (3b) and is distributed over a first area corresponding to the back side (3b) of the at least one bi-facial photovoltaic module (3) wherein the contact surface between the fin (11) and the back side (3b) corresponds to a fraction of the first area, said fraction being less than 50% of the first area, preferably less than 20%, and wherein the at least one fin (11) has a thermal conductivity higher than 10 W·m-1·K-1.