Abstract: A method for monitoring the airspace around an aircraft or the road, runway, taxiway, movement area condition or any other object or surface of interest ahead of a vehicle, even in inclement weather is disclosed. The present teachings provide a system for characterizing cloud drops, cloud ice particles, other hydrometeors such drizzle, rain or falling snow, and for distinguishing dry surfaces from those covered by water, snow, frost, and various types of ice even when they cover only a fraction of the field of view of the road condition monitoring system, even in inclement weather.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the airspace around an aircraft or the road, runway, taxiway, movement area condition or any other object or surface of interest ahead of a vehicle, even in inclement weather is disclosed. The present teachings provide a system for characterizing cloud drops, cloud ice particles, other hydrometeors such drizzle, rain or falling snow, and for distinguishing dry surfaces from those covered by water, snow, frost, and various types of ice even when they cover only a fraction of the field of view of the road condition monitoring system, even in inclement weather.

Abstract: A road condition monitoring system capable of measuring the radiance reflected by an area of interest or the thermal radiance emitted by an area of interest in wavelengths range containing a crossover point between the curves representing the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by ice and water. A detector configured to measure the radiance in a first band having wavelengths in a spectral band on a first side of the crossover point and output a first band signal, and measure the radiance in a second band having wavelengths in a spectral band on a second opposing side of the crossover point and output a second band signal. A data processing unit configured to determine the ratio of the first band signal to the second band signal and compare the ratio to predetermined critical ratios to output a determination signal indicating the presence of water or various types of ice.

Abstract: A vision system for monitoring areas of interest having a system for receiving an optical input, outputting a signal, and processing the signal. The system is configured to measure the radiance in spectral bands in which solar radiation is reduced substantially due to absorption by atmospheric constituents. This mitigates the negative effects of solar radiation such as sun glare. The system is configured to output a resultant detection signal in response to the measurements in the spectral bands selected.

Abstract: A road condition monitoring system capable of measuring the radiance reflected by an area of interest or the thermal radiance emitted by an area of interest in wavelengths range containing a crossover point between the curves representing the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by ice and water. A detector configured to measure the radiance in a first band having wavelengths in a spectral band on a first side of the crossover point and output a first band signal, and measure the radiance in a second band having wavelengths in a spectral band on a second opposing side of the crossover point and output a second band signal. A data processing unit configured to determine the ratio of the first band signal to the second band signal and compare the ratio to predetermined critical ratios to output a determination signal indicating the presence of water or various types of ice.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting ice crystals and volcanic ash in concentrations capable of causing power loss in aircraft jet engines. These hazard conditions are inferred from the detection of ice crystals or ash in air recently lifted from the lower atmosphere by convective updrafts. The detection systems can comprise subsystems for detecting air recently lifted from the lower troposphere by measuring radon activity along the aircrafts' flight track, as well as subsystems for detecting ice crystals or volcanic ash around the aircraft via multispectral measurements. The detection of ice crystals in air recently lifted from the lower troposphere indicates that the ice crystals are likely present in large concentration. The detection of volcanic ash in air recently lifted from lower atmosphere also indicates that volcanic ash is likely present in high concentration. These are hazards conditions that could cause power loss, jet engine flameout, and even damage jet engines.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting ice crystals and volcanic ash in concentrations capable of causing power loss in aircraft jet engines. These hazard conditions are inferred from the detection of ice crystals or ash in air recently lifted from the lower atmosphere by convective updrafts. The detection systems can comprise subsystems for detecting air recently lifted from the lower troposphere by measuring radon activity along the aircrafts' flight track, as well as subsystems for detecting ice crystals or volcanic ash around the aircraft via multispectral measurements. The detection of ice crystals in air recently lifted from the lower troposphere indicates that the ice crystals are likely present in large concentration. The detection of volcanic ash in air recently lifted from lower atmosphere also indicates that volcanic ash is likely present in high concentration. These are hazards conditions that could cause power loss, jet engine flameout, and even damage jet engines.

Abstract: A system for detecting ice or water within an area of interest having a detection system measuring radiance or reflectance of the area of interest when exposed to shortwave infrared radiation having a wavelength in the range containing a crossover point between the curves representing the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by ice and water. The detection system measures the radiance or reflectance in a first band having a wavelength in a spectral band on a first side of the crossover point and outputting a first band signal, and further measures the radiance or reflectance in a second band having a wavelength in a spectral band on a second opposing side of the same crossover point and outputting a second band signal. A processing unit determines a ratio of the first band signal and the second band signal and compares the ratio to a predetermined critical ratio and outputs a determination signal indicating presence of ice or water.

Abstract: A system capable of detecting the hazardous accumulation of ice on the surfaces, engines, instruments and air intakes of aircrafts or other objects of interest. The system consists of an electromagnetic microwave resonator capable of detecting the formation of ice directly where it could cause problems. The sensor could be mounted around the air intake of pitot tubes, static ports, engines intake, engines core, and can be embedded in the aircraft skin. The system uses algorithms based on the variations of the complex dielectric permittivity of water substance with frequency to distinguish the various types of ice from each other and from water.

Abstract: A system for detecting ice or supercooled large droplets within an area of interest having a detection system measuring radiance or reflectance of the area of interest when exposed to shortwave infrared radiation having a wavelength in the range of about 2.05 ?m to about 2.30 ?m. The detection system measures the radiance or reflectance in a first band having a wavelength in the range of about 2.05 ?m to about 2.15 ?m and outputting a first band signal, and further measures the radiance or reflectance in a second band having a wavelength in the range of about 2.15 ?m to about 2.30 ?m and outputting a second band signal. A processing unit determines a ratio of the first band signal and the second band signal and compares the ratio to a predetermined critical ratio and outputs a determination signal indicating presence of ice or supercooled water droplets.

Abstract: A system for detecting ice or water within an area of interest having a detection system measuring radiance or reflectance of the area of interest when exposed to shortwave infrared radiation having a wavelength in the range containing a crossover point between the curves representing the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by ice and water. The detection system measures the radiance or reflectance in a first band having a wavelength in a spectral band on a first side of the crossover point and outputting a first band signal, and further measures the radiance or reflectance in a second band having a wavelength in a spectral band on a second opposing side of the same crossover point and outputting a second band signal. A processing unit determines a ratio of the first band signal and the second band signal and compares the ratio to a predetermined critical ratio and outputs a determination signal indicating presence of ice or water.

Abstract: A system capable of detecting the hazardous accumulation of ice on the surfaces, engines, instruments and air intakes of aircrafts or other objects of interest. The system consists of an electromagnetic microwave resonator capable of detecting the formation of ice directly where it could cause problems. The sensor could be mounted around the air intake of pitot tubes, static ports, engines intake, engines core, and can be embedded in the aircraft skin. The system uses algorithms based on the variations of the complex dielectric permittivity of water substance with frequency to distinguish the various types of ice from each other and from water.

Abstract: A system for detecting ice or supercooled large droplets within an area of interest having a detection system measuring radiance or reflectance of the area of interest when exposed to shortwave infrared radiation having a wavelength in the range of about 2.05 ?m to about 2.30 ?m. The detection system measures the radiance or reflectance in a first band having a wavelength in the range of about 2.05 ?m to about 2.15 ?m and outputting a first band signal, and further measures the radiance or reflectance in a second band having a wavelength in the range of about 2.15 ?m to about 2.30 ?m and outputting a second band signal. A processing unit determines a ratio of the first band signal and the second band signal and compares the ratio to a predetermined critical ratio and outputs a determination signal indicating presence of ice or supercooled water droplets.

Abstract: A compact instrument package consisting of a rotating sensor and supporting signal-processing electronics is capable of measuring two-dimensional electric-field vectors, ranging from DC to an arbitrary upper AC frequency not limited by the rotation rate, with highly improved accuracy and sensitivity when compared with previous art. In addition, contrary to previous art, the sensor can measure the electric field gradient at its location. This is achieved by the use of a combination of quadrature modulation and phase-sensitive quadrature demodulation digital signal processing in a generic rotating electric-field sensor. Ground isolated versions of the instrument can be used singly or in arrays when precise measurements of the electric fields are necessary. Either grounded or isolated versions of the instrument can operate continuously without the need for internal batteries, making it extremely attractive for a wide-range of industrial and space applications.

Abstract: A compact instrument package consisting of a rotating sensor and supporting signal-processing electronics is capable of measuring two-dimensional electric-field vectors, ranging from DC to an arbitrary upper AC frequency not limited by the rotation rate, with highly improved accuracy and sensitivity when compared with previous art. In addition, contrary to previous art, the sensor can measure the electric field gradient at its location. This is achieved by the use of a combination of quadrature modulation and phase-sensitive quadrature demodulation digital signal processing in a generic rotating electric-field sensor. Ground isolated versions of the instrument can be used singly or in arrays when precise measurements of the electric fields are necessary. Either grounded or isolated versions of the instrument can operate continuously without the need for internal batteries, making it extremely attractive for a wide-range of industrial and space applications.