Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for proximity detection and confirmation of treatment of a target nerve such as the facet nerve. The apparatus includes a probe that can deliver electrical current for stimulation of the facet nerve, and physiological sensors for transduction of multifidus muscle activity. A generator produces electrical current at physiological stimulation frequencies, and physiological sensor signals of muscle activity are displayed, analyzed and recorded with the use of a measuring device. A method using stimulation-induced multifidus activity to localize and confirm treatment of the facet nerve is disclosed.