Abstract: Methods for repair of cracks and niches in concrete using carbonic anhydrase embedded in a gelatin, hydrogel, or other aqueous matrix are provided. A durable corrosion resistant concrete mix containing carbonic anhydrase is provided, as are methods of making and using the durable corrosion resistant concrete. Corrosion resistance and durability derive from decreased porosity compared to concrete without the enzyme, conferring decreased access of deleterious materials such as chloride ions to interior portions of the concrete.

Abstract: Materials and methods for a rapid and effective way to create a carbon negative self-healing construction material are described. The construction material uses sand aggregates, a trace amount of catalyst, a small dosage of scaffolding material with a crosslinking agent, and a calcium source. The curing is performed at a high temperature for a short period or at room temperature for a long period. The catalyst-driven method to bridge the sand particles results in a dense, stiff, strong, and tough structural material, which upon exposure to calcium source and CO2 heals itself repeatably.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are described for concrete repair using a non-naturally occurring or a synthetic catalyst. The catalyst includes an aromatic hydrocarbon having an active zinc ion configured to facilitate interaction between carbon dioxide and water and to precipitate concrete repairing calcium carbonate crystals. The catalyst is an analog of zinc cyclen, zinc and an indole-based molecule, and zinc tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA).

Abstract: An aqueous solution of carbonic anhydrase and calcium chloride is contacted with a cementitious surface defining at least one opening or fissure in the presence of ambient carbon dioxide to thereby cause the calcium chloride and carbon dioxide to react, whereby calcium carbonate precipitate from the solution and seals the opening or fissure.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of carbonic anhydrase and calcium chloride is contacted with a cementitious surface defining at least one opening or fissure in the presence of ambient carbon dioxide to thereby cause the calcium chloride and carbon dioxide to react, whereby calcium carbonate precipitate from the solution and seals the opening or fissure.