Abstract: A universal joint may comprise a first joint member terminating in either a first pair of cones or a first pair of cone slices, wherein apical ends of said first pair of cones or first pair of cone slices form first and second sockets, the first and second sockets facing each other; a second joint member terminating in either a second pair of cones or a second pair of cone slices, wherein apical ends of said second pair of cones or second pair of cone slices form third and fourth sockets, the third and further sockets facing each other; a coupler fitted into the first, second, third and fourth sockets, wherein torque is transmitted directly between the first joint member and the second joint member via side walls of the two pairs of cones or cone slices.

Abstract: A wind turbine includes a rotor shaft having thereon rotor blades exposed to wind energy, a first stage gear set on the rotor shaft, a discretely variable ratio gear set coupled to the first stage gear output shaft and having a gear set output shaft, a differential on the gear set output shaft having a differential control shaft facilitating changing the gear box ratio by whole numbers of gear teeth, and a generator operating at a constant frequency coupled to an electric grid operating at the constant frequency. The wind turbine may take a variable speed input of the gear box to create a fixed speed output fed to the generator operating at constant frequency and coupled directly to the power grid without power electronics. Existing wind turbines whether fixed speed fixed pitch or variable speed variable pitch can be retrofitted with the gear box of the present invention.

Abstract: An assembly for retrofitting fixed speed, doubly fed and fully converted wind turbines. A differential having an output shaft coupled to the main generator and a control shaft to change a ratio between differential input and output and coupled to the auxiliary generator. The main generator operates at constant frequency and is coupled to an electric power grid without a power converter. A variable speed auxiliary generator may be coupled to the electric grid through auxiliary power electronics. A controller may during low loads assign a full load to the auxiliary generator, during typical loads assign a variable shared load between the auxiliary and main generators based on an optimization algorithm and during high loads assign a fixed shared load between the auxiliary and main generators based on the internal gear ratio of the differential. For step-down differentials, at high loads the full load may go to the main generator.

Abstract: An assembly for retrofitting fixed speed, doubly fed and fully converted wind turbines. A differential having an output shaft coupled to the main generator and a control shaft to change a ratio between differential input and output and coupled to the auxiliary generator. The main generator operates at constant frequency and is coupled to an electric power grid without a power converter. A variable speed auxiliary generator may be coupled to the electric grid through auxiliary power electronics. A controller may during low loads assign a full load to the auxiliary generator, during typical loads assign a variable shared load between the auxiliary and main generators based on an optimization algorithm and during high loads assign a fixed shared load between the auxiliary and main generators based on the internal gear ratio of the differential. For step-down differentials, at high loads the full load may go to the main generator.

Abstract: A wind turbine includes a rotor shaft having thereon rotor blades exposed to wind energy, a first stage gear set on the rotor shaft, a discretely variable ratio gear set coupled to the first stage gear output shaft and having a gear set output shaft, a differential on the gear set output shaft having a differential control shaft facilitating changing the gear box ratio by whole numbers of gear teeth, and a generator operating at a constant frequency coupled to an electric grid operating at the constant frequency. The wind turbine may take a variable speed input of the gear box to create a fixed speed output fed to the generator operating at constant frequency and coupled directly to the power grid without power electronics. Existing wind turbines whether fixed speed fixed pitch or variable speed variable pitch can be retrofitted with the gear box of the present invention.

Abstract: A variable diameter gear device for variable ratio transmission systems has a displaceable gear tooth sequence formed from interconnected gear teeth with uniform pitch lying on a virtual cylinder coaxial with an axle of the device. A torque linkage transfers a turning moment between the axle and the gear tooth sequence. A diameter changer includes at least one disc with a spiral track to which each of the gear teeth is linked. Rotation of the discs relative to the axle causes variation of an effective diameter of the virtual cylinder while the gear tooth sequences remain on a virtual cylinder centered on the axis and the uniform pitch remains constant.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in a variable ratio transmission has gear teeth (12) formed for engaging a facing gear wheel, each having a plane of symmetry (P) parallel to a width of the tooth. Links (30) rigidly associated with the gear teeth are sequentially interconnected to form hinge joints (32) between adjacent pairs of gear teeth, thereby forming a gear tooth sequence (11). The hinge joint (32) for each pair of adjacent gear teeth has an axis of rotation (34) lying on a plane (B) bisecting an angle between the planes of symmetry (B) of the adjacent gear teeth.

Abstract: A variable diameter gear device for use in a variable ratio transmission system includes a gear tooth set deployed around an axle which defines an axis of rotation. The gear tooth set includes at least two displaceable gear tooth sequences, each including a multiple gear teeth spaced at a uniform pitch, and a diameter changer mechanically linked to the axle and to the gear tooth set. The diameter changer is deployed to transfer a turning moment between the axle and the gear tooth set, and to displace the gear tooth set so as to vary a degree of peripheral coextension between the gear tooth sequences. Specifically, the diameter changer transforms the gear device between at least two states in which the gear tooth set is deployed to provide an effective cylindrical gear with differing effective numbers of teeth. The gear device may be used either in direct engagement with another gear wheel or as part of a chain-based transmission system.

Abstract: Animal litter composed of plural discrete particles, each particle containing both mineral and organic matter. An absorbent artificial granule is made up of absorbent fiber, minerals, and chemicals. The highly absorptive and lightweight litter of this invention substantially reduces litter box malodors, extends usage duration of a given cat litter volume unit, eliminates dust, and increases consumer convenience by substantially reducing the weight of the product in conventionally sized packaging. In one embodiment, an animal litter granule is made up of:: 20-50 weight-% fine absorbent fibers, preferably 25-45 weight-% fine absorbent cellulose fibers; 10-30 weight-% zeolite, preferably 12-30 weight-% zeolite; 10-70 weight-% mineral filler, preferably 16-61 weight-% mineral filler selected from kaolin, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and mixtures thereof; and 0.5-10 weight-% binder, preferably 0.5-3 weight-% acrylic binder.

Abstract: Animal litter composed of plural discrete particles, each particle containing both mineral and organic matter. An absorbent artificial granule is made up of absorbent fiber, minerals, and chemicals. The highly absorptive and lightweight litter of this invention substantially reduces litter box malodors, extends usage duration of a given cat litter volume unit, eliminates dust, and increases consumer convenience by substantially reducing the weight of the product in conventionally sized packaging. In one embodiment, an animal litter granule is made up of:: 20-50 weight-% fine absorbent fibers, preferably 25-45 weight-% fine absorbent cellulose fibers; 10-30 weight-% zeolite, preferably 12-30 weight-% zeolite; 10-70 weight-% mineral filler, preferably 16-61 weight-% mineral filler selected from kaolin, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and mixtures thereof; and 0.5-10 weight-% binder, preferably 0.5-3 weight-% acrylic binder.

Abstract: Animal litter composed of plural discrete particles that are dual component granules. Each of the absorbent granules of this invention is made up of an inner core and an external coating complex. The inner core of the granule may be made with natural or artificial fibers, mineral filler, and binder. The coating of the granule may be made with an agglomerating agent and with natural or artificial materials that reduce odors and/or prevent the formation of malodors. The external coating layer may consists essentially of bentonite, zeolite and/or boric acid, and, optionally, fine cellulose fibers. The granules of this invention agglomerate into clumps when wetted. The highly absorptive and lightweight litter of this invention substantially reduces litter box malodors, extends usage duration of a given cat litter volume unit, and increases consumer convenience by substantially reducing the weight of the product in conventionally sized packaging.

Abstract: The animal litter of the present invention is composed of plural discrete particles that are dual component granules. Each of the absorbent granules of this invention is made up of an inner core and an external coating complex. Preferably, the inner core of the granule is made with natural or artificial fibers, mineral filler, and binder. Preferably, the coating of the granule is made with an agglomerating agent and with natural or artificial materials that reduce odors and/or prevent the formation of malodors. Most preferably, the external coating layer consists essentially of bentonite, zeolite and/or boric acid, and, optionally, fine cellulose fibers. The granules of this invention are designed to agglomerate into clumps when wetted.

Abstract: A process for multi-layer coating of bulk granulated materiel, the process comprising the steps of obtaining a bulk of granulated materiel at a damp state, premixing the granulated materiel with a first coating agent provided at powdered form and then introducing the premixed material into an inlet-end of a spiral winding path within a rotating drum. The dim is rotated at a speed so as to advance the material along the winding path towards an outlet-end thereof, whilst at least a second coating agent is introduced into the drum. Finally, the coated material is dried.