Abstract: Method for forming a toner image on a photosensitive material bearing an electrostatic latent image comprising(a) introducing a one component developer consisting of fine toner particles, said toner particles comprising ferromagnetic powder dispersed in a resin such that at least a portion of said ferromagnetic powder is not totally encased by said resin, said toner particles being capable of accepting a triboelectric charge and having a specific resistivity of 10.sup.14 ohm.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic latent images comprising a developer which in turn is composed of a toner made up of resin and particles of magnetic materials having negative triboelectricity with respect to the resin dispersed in said resin. The developer is fed to a surface having magnets associated therewith for causing the developer to rise from the magnets in ear-like fashion to brush and deposit the developer on the latent image carrying surface.

Abstract: A two cycle electrophotographic copying apparatus includes an operatively rotatable photosensitive body, an electric charging device, a cleaning lamp disposed upstream of the charging device, and a neutralizing electrode disposed downstream of the charging device. This novel arrangement of the cleaning lamp and neutralizing electrode results in a significantly reduced occurrence of toner contamination by residual electric field attraction to operating and structural portions of the copying apparatus which are positioned about the photosensitive body.

Abstract: An image-forming method using a developer comprising as the main component ferromagnetic and insulating toner particles. Said method comprises the steps of holding said developer on a delivery member by a magnetic force, causing the developer to tuft at the developing position and to fall in contact with an electrostatic latent image-supporting member, developing the electrostatic latent image and forming a toner image by the toner particles charged predominantly by mutual friction of the toner particles, and transferring the toner image onto a plain paper superposed on the electrostatic latent image-supporting member by electrostatic transfer means. Said developer has a specific resistance of at least 10.sup.14 .OMEGA.-cm and the potential decay ratio of the developed developer is lower than 50% as measured according to the method defined in the specification.

Abstract: A heat roller type fixing apparatus for electrophotographic copying machine comprising a heat roller containing a heating element, a press roller which presses against and rotates with the heat roller, temperature sensing elements for detecting the surface temperature of the heat roller, and a control circuit which controls the conduction of the heating element in response to the output from the temperature sensing elements. The heating element having a heating characteristic such that, at the initial stage of heating, the surface of the heat roller exhibits a low temperature area at its longitudinally central portion and highest temperature areas on both sides of the low temperature area. The temperature sensing elements being set at positions almost midway between the low temperature area and the highest temperature areas of the heat roller surface.

Abstract: A heat roller type fixing apparatus having a heat roller accommodating a heating element and adapted for fixing a toner image to a copying paper, a temperature sensing element for sensing the temperature of the heat roller surface and a control circuit adapted to cooperate with the temperature sensing element in controlling the heat roller surface temperature. The heat roller and the heating element are so arranged, in the temperature rising period from the start of the power supply to the heating element till the heat roller surface is heated up to a set temperature, that the highest roller surface temperature is observed at portions of the heat roller between the center and both axial ends of the roller, and that the temperature sensing element is disposed on or in the close proximity of one of the portions of the highest roller surface temperature.

Abstract: A magnetic brush type developing device for a single component developer having an axially elongated sleeve and a plurality of magnets disposed in the sleeve for relative rotation therebetween includes a regulating plate extending axially along and substantially adjacent the sleeve surface for regulating the height of developer adhering thereto, and a pair of partition plates arranged substantially perpendicular to the sleeve axis at axially opposite ends thereof and predeterminately adjacent circumferentially-disposed surface portions of the sleeve for preventing an axial flow of developer along the sleeve outwardly beyond the partition plates.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developing apparatus for use in an electrostatic recording machine has a peripheral surface rotatable for carrying a single-component developer through magnetic field zones of adjacently alternating polarities including feed-in and feedback zones on opposite sides of a developing zone. The relative strengths of the fields are arranged so that the magnetic field density concentration point is offset from the developing zone so as to prevent image degradation by accumulation of excess developer at the developing zone.

Abstract: An image-forming method using a developer comprising as the main component ferromagnetic and insulating toner particles. Said method comprises the steps of holding said developer on a delivery member by a magnetic force, causing the developer to tuft at the developing position and to fall in contact with an electrostatic latent image-supporting member, developing the electrostatic latent image and forming a toner image by the toner particles charged predominantly by mutual friction of the toner particles, and transferring the toner image onto a plain paper superimposed on the electrostatic latent image-supporting member by electrostatic transfer means. Said developer has a specific resistance of at least 10.sup.14 .OMEGA.-cm and the potential decay ratio of the developed developer is lower than 50% as measured according to the method defined in the specification.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for enhancing charge retention of a photosensitive layer wherein an ion wind is created and applied to the photosensitive material prior to its reuse. The apparatus preferably comprises a corona charging unit having an opening and directing means adjacent the opening for directing the flow of ions created during corona charging into an uncharged portion of the photosensitive layer.