Abstract: Provided herein are a method of parallelizing zero-knowledge (ZK) protocols, an apparatus for parallelizing zero-knowledge (ZK) protocols, and an apparatus for proving zero-knowledge (ZK) protocols. The method includes providing a ZK framework; calculating local and communication costs for each program instruction of a ZK statement; automatically partitioning the ZK statement according to the calculation; and distributing the partitioned ZK statement to a corresponding number of computing cores for parallel proving or verification. The apparatus for parallelizing zero-knowledge (ZK) protocols includes a processor and a memory unit configured to implement the method. The apparatus for proving zero-knowledge (ZK) protocols includes at least two processors, a memory unit, a communication interface, and a ZK statement parallelized according to the method distributed among the at least two processors.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) may receive a set of reference signals (RSs) from a set of non-terrestrial network (NTN) nodes. The set of RSs may travel from the set of NTN nodes to the UE through a first portion of an atmosphere and a second portion of the atmosphere. The UE may measure the set of RSs. The UE may calculate, based on the measured set of RSs, a first set of atmospheric delays associated with the first portion of the atmosphere and a second set of atmospheric delays associated with the second portion of the atmosphere. The UE may calculate a location of the UE based on the measured set of RSs, the first set of atmospheric delays, and the second set of atmospheric delays. The UE may transmit the calculated location of the UE. The first portion may include an ionosphere. The second portion may include a troposphere.

Abstract: A display substrate and a display device are provided. The display substrate includes a base substrate (10) including a display area and a first bezel area; multiple sub-pixels; multiple data lines electrically connected to the multiple sub-pixels; multiple data line lead lines (50) located in the first bezel area, the multiple data line lead lines (50) being electrically connected with the multiple data lines; and multiple drive chip pins (53) located in the first bezel area. One of the drive chip pins (53) is electrically connected to a data line lead line (50), and the multiple drive chip pins (53) are located on a side of the multiple data line lead lines (50) away from the base substrate (10). At least one groove structure (60) is provided on a surface on a side of the drive chip pin (53) away from the base substrate (10).

Abstract: The apparatus may be a wireless device or wireless device component configured to obtain APC information for a plurality of frequencies associated with an antenna of the wireless device and measure a set of PS at each of the plurality of frequencies via the antenna. The apparatus may further be configured to identify a location and an orientation of the wireless device based on the APC information and the set of PS, and output an indication of the location and the orientation of the wireless device.

Abstract: Techniques for integrating global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements between two or more GNSS receivers include determining an antenna baseline vector based on relative locations of a first antenna that is communicatively coupled to a first GNSS receiver and a second antenna that is communicatively coupled to a second GNSS receiver, determining a first position estimate and a first integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) status with the first GNSS receiver at a first time, determining a second position estimate and a second IAR status with the second GNSS receiver at approximately the first time, determining a horizontal offset value based on the antenna baseline vector and a difference between the first position estimate and the second position estimate, and generating a wrong fix indication in response to the first IAR status being fixed, the second IAR status being fixed, and the horizontal offset value being greater than a threshold value.

Abstract: Techniques for extended wide-lane carrier phase availability using inertial measurement unit (IMU) feedback are disclosed. The techniques can include determining an IMU-based position differential based on first IMU data received from an IMU of the mobile device, detecting a wide-lane cycle slip based on a wide-lane differential carrier phase (DCP) measurement and the IMU-based position differential, responsive to detecting the wide lane cycle slip, adjusting the wide-lane DCP measurement based on the IMU-based position differential to obtain a corrected wide-lane DCP measurement, and generating a global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based positioning estimate for the mobile device based on the corrected wide-lane DCP measurement.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein provide improved sensing and tracking devices that may be used for locating and tracking objects and/or for performing environmental sensing based on AW. The wireless device activates the at least one tracking device associated with the plurality of AWs. The wireless device receives an indication of an activation of at least one tracking device, where the at least one tracking device is associated with a plurality of AWs. The wireless device receives the plurality of AWs from the at least one tracking device, where the plurality of AWs is received prior to performing the set of measurements. The wireless device performs a set of measurements associated with the plurality of AWs from the at least one tracking device. The wireless device obtains a location of the at least one tracking device based on the set of measurements associated with the plurality of AWs.

Abstract: A positioning method includes: obtaining traffic control information indicative of transmission of a traffic control indication granting permission for vehicle motion, or permission for pedestrian motion, or a combination thereof and determining, based on the traffic control information, position-related information including a location of a user equipment (UE), a heading of the UE, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A positioning method includes: obtaining traffic control information indicative of transmission of a traffic control indication granting permission for vehicle motion, or permission for pedestrian motion, or a combination thereof; and determining, based on the traffic control information, position-related information including a location of a user equipment (UE), a heading of the UE, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Techniques for filtering iono correction data for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning are provided which involve determining a threshold, or mask, for iono correction filtering based on a statistical analysis of variance data included in iono correction data and resulting residual information determined using the iono correction data. The mask can subsequently be used as a threshold to filter iono correction data based on its variance data. In some examples, a server can determine the mask based on crowdsourced information received from multiple GNSS receivers. In other examples, a GNSS receiver may determine the mask based on obtained iono correction data and GNSS measurements it makes itself. When applying the mask to filter incoming iono correction data. When incoming iono correction data is filtered, a GNSS device may use alternative iono correction techniques to perform iono correction, in some embodiments.

Abstract: A method, for providing a virtual positioning signal measurement, includes: determining that an expected positioning signal measurement is absent from a plurality of actual positioning signal measurements made by a UE; and providing a virtual measurement value, for the expected positioning signal measurement, based on at least one actual positioning signal measurement that is of a same type as the expected positioning signal measurement and that corresponds to at least one positioning signal measured by the UE.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for integrating GNSS measurements between two or more GNSS receivers. An example method includes determining an antenna baseline vector based on relative locations of a first antenna that is communicatively coupled to a first GNSS receiver and a second antenna that is communicatively coupled to a second GNSS receiver, determining a first position estimate and a first integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) status with the first GNSS receiver at a first time, determining a second position estimate and a second IAR status with the second GNSS receiver at approximately the first time, computing a horizontal offset value based on the antenna baseline vector and a difference between the first position estimate and the second position estimate, and generating the wrong fix indication in response to the first IAR status being fixed, the second IAR status being fixed, and the horizontal offset value being greater than a threshold value.

Abstract: Techniques to detect and correct for cycle slips in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning may involve using measurements from a series of continuous GNSS epochs in which certain preliminary conditions are met. Embodiments comprise using a first set of rounded values for the integer ambiguity values corresponding to the float ambiguity values of the epochs in the series, then analyzing the first set of rounded values to determine final integer ambiguity values for the set of epochs. Embodiments can include determining the offset between the first set and a second set of rounded values and analyzing the offset to determine which set of rounded values to use as the final integer ambiguity values. Some embodiments comprise determining the most common rounded value for the float ambiguity values and analyzing whether one or more other rounded values are used.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a progressive power grid planning evaluation method and system based on a combination assessment theory, and relates to the technical field of power grid assessment and optimization. The method includes: correcting a weight of an obtained index by using a combination weighting method; obtaining an assessed value based on a similarity theory assessment method; standardizing an index by dimensionless processing; and performing evaluation based on nonparametric regression. The present invention ensures objectivity and fairness of an assessment result and the efficiency and the accuracy of assessment are improved. The present invention may be adaptively adjusted, making the assessment result closer to reality.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning of a GNSS device. Techniques may comprise determining an integer double difference (DD) carrier phase (CP) ambiguity based at least in part on an initial set of DD residuals, the initial set of DD CP residuals based at least in part on (i) one or more CP measurements of one or more GNSS signals, and (ii) an initial trajectory of the GNSS device. Techniques also may comprise determining an updated trajectory of the GNSS device based at least in part on the integer DD CP ambiguity, and determining an updated set of DD CP residuals based at least in part on the updated trajectory of the GNSS device. Techniques further may comprise outputting a position of the GNSS device based at least in part on the updated set of DD CP residuals.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may improve/enhance camera-aided/assisted positioning by utilizing light and shadow created by an artificial light. In one aspect, a UE captures a set of images of an object using at least one camera. The UE estimates a direction of at least one light source based on a shadow of the object in the set of images, wherein the shadow of the object is created by the at least one light source. The UE calculates at least one of (1) a distance (d) between the at least one camera and a set of first features associated with the object based on the estimated direction of the at least one light source or (2) directional information of a set of second features associated with a surrounding environment that is within a threshold distance of the object.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system are disclosed for providing modified orbital assistance data to a mobile station to determine its location using global navigation satellite system (GNSS). In some example embodiments, a method for determining a location of a mobile station using orbital assistance data may include: receiving satellite positioning signals from a plurality of GNSS satellites; receiving orbital assistance data comprising a distance between a location on an antenna which is associated with a first frequency of the satellite positioning signals and a location on the antenna which is associated with a second frequency of the satellite positioning signals; and determining the location of the mobile station based on the orbital assistance data and the satellite positioning signals.

Abstract: A method of determining an integer ambiguity search space includes: obtaining, at an apparatus, a code phase measurement of a satellite vehicle signal comprising a pseudorandom noise code and a carrier signal; obtaining, at the apparatus, spatial information corresponding to a wireless terrestrial signal transferred between the apparatus and a terrestrial base station; determining, at the apparatus, a satellite positioning system carrier phase integer ambiguity search space based on the code phase measurement; and constraining a size of the satellite positioning system carrier phase integer ambiguity search space based on the spatial information.

Abstract: Techniques for global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based positioning of a mobile device based on antenna phase center compensation are disclosed. The techniques can include determining a phase center profile of a receiver antenna of the mobile device that is placed in a fixed-frame condition and executing an antenna phase center compensation procedure upon detecting placement of the mobile device in a non-fixed frame condition. The antenna phase center compensation procedure can include obtaining attitude information of the mobile device based at least in part on sensor data obtained from one or more sensors of the mobile device, and incorporating the attitude information of the mobile device into the phase center profile of the receiver antenna of the mobile device. A global navigation satellite system-based positioning operation may be executed that includes antenna phase center compensation based at least in part on incorporating the attitude information into the phase center profile.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for vehicle positioning. In an aspect, a positioning engine aggregator of a host vehicle determines a position estimate of the host vehicle based on one or more position fixes determined by one or more positioning engines of the host vehicle, receives input from a user interface (UI) of the host vehicle to correct the position estimate of the host vehicle, and updates the position estimate of the host vehicle based on the input from the UI.