Abstract: Improved handling of multi-wafer cassettes in automated wafer processing machines is accomplished by means of an improved cassette elevator. The design of the cassette elevator is such that the receiver/sender portion of the wafer processing machine can be easily configured to accommodate single or multiple cassette elevators served by a single wafer loading spatula without increasing the width of the receiver/sender units. In addition, an automatic tilt feature of the cassette elevator substantially reduces the likelihood of wafer breakage during the cassette loading and unloading operation.

Abstract: Automated article processing, particularly semiconductor wafer processing, is accomplished in a modular article processing machine. The design of the machine allows easy reconfiguration between single and multiple processing station systems. Articles are handled according to a method which easily accommodates the various configurations of the machine and which provides efficient throughput. The machine includes a number of electromechanical and pneumatic systems under the control of at least one microprocessor. Machine state knowledge necessary for startup in the midst of operation, such as following a power interruption, is provided by a mechanical counter indexed at the completion of each stage of operation by the microprocessor controller.

Abstract: A multi-wafer load lock apparatus for use in wafer processing machines provides access to wafers in an internal cassette by orthogonal wafer transport devices. A passthrough cassette comprising inwardly extending arms having a stepped portion thereon for holding a wafer enables access from orthogonal directions. An improved vacuum feedthrough actuates the cassette.

Abstract: A multi-wafer load lock apparatus for use in wafer processing machines provides access to wafers in an internal cassette by orthogonal wafer transport devices. Upper and lower bell jars, which seal to a sealing plate, provide access to the cassette by outside and vacuum transport mechanisms, respectively. A right angle passthrough cassette allows orthogonal access. An improved vacuum feedthrough actuates both the upper bell jar and the internal cassette.

Abstract: Wafer transport in the vacuum portion of an automated wafer processing machine is accomplished by means of an improved transport mechanism. The primary transport device is a rail guided, magnetically driven shuttle plate. Baffles serve to isolate the particle producing portions of the mechanism from the wafers. The major drive components are located inside the rails and outside the vacuum containment system. A pin lift apparatus located on the reactor chucks serves to remove and replace wafers on the shuttle plate. The disclosed apparatus provides efficient and reliable wafer transport with a minimum amount of particulate generation and is easily reconfigurable to single or multiple head machines.

Abstract: A plasma reactor of the single wafer, planar electrode type achieves improved serviceability by means of a service seal arrangement. The lower electrode of the plasma reactor is carried on a chuck. Both the chuck and the upper portions of the reactor seal to an upper plate of a vacuum containment vessel. A wafer transport mechanism is contained within the vacuum containment vessel. The sealing arrangement allows removal of the upper portions of the reactor and even replacement of the lower electrode without disturbing the vacuum in the vacuum containment vessel.