Abstract: A method, system and product relating to quantum computing. The method comprises using a quantum computer to execute a quantum program a plurality of times, wherein during each execution of the quantum program: reaching an intermediate state, wherein the intermediate state is obtained prior to reaching the terminating cycle of the quantum program; and performing a measurement of a qubit at the intermediate state, whereby obtaining a plurality of measurements of the qubit at the intermediate state in a plurality of executions of the quantum program. The method further comprises determining a value of the qubit at the intermediate state based on the plurality of measurements obtained of the qubit at the intermediate state.

Abstract: An adapter and methods of using the adapter for communicating a personal electronic device to a smart card reader are disclosed. The adapter comprises a processor, a contact/contactless smartcard chip, an antenna and a power supply unit. The processor is adapted to exchange data with the personal electronic device, wherein that data is modulated on the audio signals. The processor is also adapted to exchange data with the smartcard chip, wherein the smartcard chip is adapted to communicate with the contactless smart card reader via the antenna. A method for enabling a personal electronic device to communicate with a contactless smart card reader via audio signals is also disclosed. The method comprises providing an adapter. The adapter comprises a processor, a contact/contactless smartcard chip, an antenna and a power supply unit. The method also comprises exchanging data between the personal electronic device and the processor.

Abstract: A contactless user device for contactless communication with an external reader device includes an antenna loop that at least partially surrounds a hollow ferrite core, the hollow core including a ferrite wall that at least partially surrounds a space without ferrite. A circuit board is located within the space. The circuit board includes a contactless chip that is configured for contactless communication with the external reader device via the antenna.

Abstract: An adapter for converting signals in a first format to signals in a second format for enabling a personal electronic device such as laptop computer, tablet computer, smartphone and the like, to communicate with a contactless smart card reader via another adapter. Embodiments include an adapter for enabling a personal electronic device to communicate, via communication channel comprising data signals over universal serial bus (USB) channel, with a contactless smart card reader.

Abstract: A contactless transaction adaptor for use with a mobile communicator, including a thin SIM card signal interceptor portion arranged for insertion intermediate an existing SIM card, having SIM card-based contacts, and communicator based SIM card contacts located in a SIM card recess formed in the communicator, the interceptor portion having first contacts for communication with the communicator-based SIM card contacts and second contacts for communication with the SIM card-based contacts, a contactless communication circuit bearing portion arranged for insertion in the communicator, a contactless antenna and a contactless communication circuit both mounted onto the circuit bearing portion, a flexible connector portion interconnecting the interceptor portion and the circuit bearing portion, a first electrical path extending along the connector portion between the contacts of the interceptor portion and the contactless communication circuit, and a second electrical path extending along the circuit bearing portio

Abstract: An adapter for converting signals in a first format to signals in a second format for enabling a personal electronic device such as laptop computer, tablet computer, smartphone and the like, to communicate with a contactless smart card reader via another adapter. Embodiments include an adapter for enabling a personal electronic device to communicate, via communication channel comprising data signals over universal serial bus (USB) channel, with a contactless smart card reader.

Abstract: A contactless transaction adaptor for use with a mobile communicator, including a thin SIM card signal interceptor portion arranged for insertion intermediate an existing SIM card, having SIM card-based contacts, and communicator based SIM card contacts located in a SIM card recess formed in the communicator, the interceptor portion having first contacts for communication with the communicator-based SIM card contacts and second contacts for communication with the SIM card-based contacts, a contactless communication circuit bearing portion arranged for insertion in the communicator, a contactless antenna and a contactless communication circuit both mounted onto the circuit bearing portion, a flexible connector portion interconnecting the intercept or portion and the circuit bearing portion, a first electrical path extending along the connector portion between the contacts of the interceptor portion and the contactless communication circuit, and a second electrical path extending along the circuit bearing porti

Abstract: An adapter and methods of using the adapter for communicating a personal electronic device to a smart card reader are disclosed. The adapter comprises a processor, a contact/contactless smartcard chip, an antenna and a power supply unit. The processor is adapted to exchange data with the personal electronic device, wherein that data is modulated on the audio signals. The processor is also adapted to exchange data with the smartcard chip, wherein the smartcard chip is adapted to communicate with the contactless smart card reader via the antenna. A method for enabling a personal electronic device to communicate with a contactless smart card reader via audio signals is also disclosed. The method comprises providing an adapter. The adapter comprises a processor, a contact/contactless smartcard chip, an antenna and a power supply unit. The method also comprises exchanging data between the personal electronic device and the processor.

Abstract: A contactless transaction adaptor for use with a mobile communicator, including a thin SIM card signal interceptor portion arranged for insertion intermediate an existing SIM card, having SIM card-based contacts, and communicator based SIM card contacts located in a SIM card recess formed in the communicator, the interceptor portion having contacts for communication with the communicator-based SIM card contacts and contacts for communication with the SIM card-based contacts, a contactless communication circuit bearing portion arranged for insertion in the communicator, a contactless antenna and a contactless communication circuit both mounted onto the circuit bearing portion, a flexible connector portion interconnecting the interceptor portion and the circuit bearing portion, an electrical path extending along the connector portion between the contacts of the interceptor portion and the contactless communication circuit, and an electrical path extending along the circuit bearing portion between the antenna an

Abstract: A contactless transaction adaptor for use with a mobile communicator, including a thin SIM card signal interceptor portion arranged for insertion intermediate an existing SIM card, having SIM card-based contacts, and communicator based SIM card contacts located in a SIM card recess formed in the communicator, the interceptor portion having first contacts for communication with the communicator-based SIM card contacts and second contacts for communication with the SIM card-based contacts, a contactless communication circuit bearing portion arranged for insertion in the communicator, a contactless antenna and a contactless communication circuit both mounted onto the circuit bearing portion, a flexible connector portion interconnecting the interceptor portion and the circuit bearing portion, a first electrical path extending along the connector portion between the contacts of the interceptor portion and the contactless communication circuit, and a second electrical path extending along the circuit bearing portio