Abstract: A method, system and product relating to quantum computing. The method comprises using a quantum computer to execute a quantum program a plurality of times, wherein during each execution of the quantum program: reaching an intermediate state, wherein the intermediate state is obtained prior to reaching the terminating cycle of the quantum program; and performing a measurement of a qubit at the intermediate state, whereby obtaining a plurality of measurements of the qubit at the intermediate state in a plurality of executions of the quantum program. The method further comprises determining a value of the qubit at the intermediate state based on the plurality of measurements obtained of the qubit at the intermediate state.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and product comprising: obtaining a representation of a quantum circuit; determining that a qubit is a candidate auxiliary qubit by estimating that a state of the qubit at a first cycle is identical to a state of the qubit at a second cycle; identifying a function section in the quantum circuit based on the qubit, the function section commencing at a beginning cycle, the beginning cycle is ordered before the second cycle, the function section ending at an ending cycle, the ending cycle is ordered after the first cycle, the ending cycle is ordered after the commencing cycle, the function section utilizing the qubit as an auxiliary qubit; and outputting an indication of the function section.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and product includes obtaining a representation of a quantum circuit that is configured to manipulate a plurality of qubits over a plurality of cycles where the representation defines a first order of the plurality of qubits. A second order of the plurality of qubits is determined that is different from the first order of the plurality of qubits, wherein said determining the second order is based on an objective function that is configured to provide scores based on respective lengths of circuit components in graphical representations of the quantum circuit. A graphical representation of the quantum circuit is generated that displays the plurality of qubits in accordance with the second order, and the graphical representation is displayed.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and product for modeling of quantum circuits and usages thereof. A method comprises obtaining a model of a quantum circuit that comprises a set of decision variables, corresponding domains, and constraints, wherein the set of decision variables comprise gate assignment decision variables that define an assignment of a gate to a qubit in a cycle in the quantum circuit. The method comprises automatically determining a set of valuations for the set of decision variables. The set of valuations are selected from the corresponding domains and satisfy the constraints. Based on the set of valuations the quantum circuit is synthesized.

Abstract: A method, system and product comprising: obtaining a gate-level representation of a quantum circuit, wherein the gate-level representation comprises a set of quantum gates defining operations on a set of qubits, wherein the gate-level representation comprises a gate-level implementation of a functional block of a functional-level representation of the quantum circuit, wherein the functional block defines an operation of the quantum circuit over at least two cycles; obtaining metadata from a functional-level processing component, wherein the metadata comprise an artifact associated with the gate-level implementation of the functional block; and compiling the gate-level representation of the quantum circuit, wherein said compiling is performed based on the metadata.

Abstract: A method, system and product comprising: obtaining a functional-level representation of a quantum circuit that comprises a functional block, wherein the functional block defines an operation of the quantum circuit over at least two cycles; selecting from a function library an implementation for the functional block, wherein the function library comprises a plurality of alternative implementations of the functional block, wherein each implementation of the plurality of alternative implementations is configured to provide a same functionality of the functional block and is applicable to a quantum computer to be used for executing the quantum circuit; and generating a gate-level representation of the quantum circuit that comprises the implementation for the functional block.

Abstract: A method, system and product comprising: obtaining a functional-level representation of a quantum circuit that comprises a functional block; obtaining an indication of one or more resources that are available to the functional block, the indication regarding a range of cycles and an indication regarding a number of qubits; dynamically generating a gate-level implementation of the functional block that adheres to the indication of the one or more resources; and synthesizing a gate-level implementation of the quantum circuit, wherein the gate-level implementation of the quantum circuit comprises the gate-level implementation of the functional block.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, a product comprising: obtaining a propagator module of a quantum function of a quantum program, the propagator module is programmed using a classical programming language, the propagator module configured to obtain as input a first domain of values for a first circuit parameter and a second domain of values for a second circuit parameter, and to output first and second sub-domains of the first and second domains of values, respectively; obtaining constraints of the quantum function; obtaining an optimization scheme that is defined over the first and second circuit parameters; generating a constraint problem based on the propagator module, the constraints, and the optimization scheme; resolving the constraint problem based on a constraint solver, a resolution comprising at least first and second values for the first and second circuit parameter; and synthesizing the quantum function according to the resolution.

Abstract: A method, system and product for synthesizing a quantum circuit using Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). A functional-level representation of a quantum circuit that includes a first functional blocks and a second functional block is obtained. The functional-level representation defines a relationship between the first functional block and the second functional block. A CSP that is determined based on the functional-level representation, is automatically solved. The CSP is solved by identifying a first and second implementations to the first and second functional blocks that adhere to the CSP. A gate-level representation of the quantum circuit is synthesized using the first and second implementations.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and product for modeling of quantum circuits and usages thereof. A method comprises obtaining a model of a quantum circuit that comprises a set of decision variables, corresponding domains, and constraints, wherein the set of decision variables comprise gate assignment decision variables that define an assignment of a gate to a qubit in a cycle in the quantum circuit. The method comprises automatically determining a set of valuations for the set of decision variables. The set of valuations are selected from the corresponding domains and satisfy the constraints. Based on the set of valuations the quantum circuit is synthesized.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and product comprising: obtaining an indication of an execution task, the execution task comprises executing a quantum program a number of times, the number of times is larger than two times; and selecting a quantum computer from a set of two or more quantum computers for performing the execution task, the set of two or more quantum computers comprise a first quantum computer and a second quantum computer, said selecting the quantum computer is performed based on a first value of a performance parameter that is associated with the first quantum computer and based on a second value of the performance parameter that is associated with the second quantum computer.

Abstract: A method, system and product relating to quantum computing. The method comprises using a quantum computer to execute a quantum program a plurality of times, wherein during each execution of the quantum program: reaching an intermediate state, wherein the intermediate state is obtained prior to reaching the terminating cycle of the quantum program; and performing a measurement of a qubit at the intermediate state, whereby obtaining a plurality of measurements of the qubit at the intermediate state in a plurality of executions of the quantum program. The method further comprises determining a value of the qubit at the intermediate state based on the plurality of measurements obtained of the qubit at the intermediate state.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and product for modeling of quantum circuits and usages thereof. A method comprises obtaining a model of a quantum circuit that comprises a set of decision variables, corresponding domains, and constraints, wherein the set of decision variables comprise gate assignment decision variables that define an assignment of a gate to a qubit in a cycle in the quantum circuit. The method comprises automatically determining a set of valuations for the set of decision variables. The set of valuations are selected from the corresponding domains and satisfy the constraints. Based on the set of valuations the quantum circuit is synthesized.

Abstract: A method, system and product comprising: obtaining a directed acyclic graph representing a quantum circuit, the directed acyclic graph comprising a set of blocks and connections therebetween, wherein a connection between a first block and a second block indicates passing an output value of a qubit outputted by the first block to be an input value of a qubit manipulated by the second block; determining a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) based on the directed acyclic graph, wherein the CSP comprises one or more constraints based on the connections defined by the directed acyclic graph; automatically solving the CSP, wherein said automatically solving comprises selecting an implementation to each block that adheres to the one or more constraints; and synthesizing a gate-level representation of the quantum circuit based on the solution to the CSP.

Abstract: A method, system and product relating to quantum computing. The method comprises using a quantum computer to execute a quantum program a plurality of times, wherein during each execution of the quantum program: reaching an intermediate state, wherein the intermediate state is obtained prior to reaching the terminating cycle of the quantum program; and performing a measurement of a qubit at the intermediate state, whereby obtaining a plurality of measurements of the qubit at the intermediate state in a plurality of executions of the quantum program. The method further comprises determining a value of the qubit at the intermediate state based on the plurality of measurements obtained of the qubit at the intermediate state.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and product for modeling of quantum circuits and usages thereof. A method includes obtaining a model of a quantum circuit that comprises a set of decision variables, corresponding domains, and constraints, wherein the set of decision variables comprise gate assignment decision variables that define an assignment of a gate to a qubit in a cycle in the quantum circuit. The method includes automatically determining a set of valuations for the set of decision variables. The set of valuations are selected from the corresponding domains and satisfy the constraints. Based on the set of valuations the quantum circuit is synthesized.

Abstract: A method, system and product comprising: obtaining a functional-level representation of a quantum circuit that comprises a functional block; synthesizing a gate-level representation of the quantum circuit based on the functional-level representation of the quantum circuit, wherein the gate-level representation of the quantum circuit comprises a first sub-circuit and a second sub-circuit; providing the gate-level representation to a gate-level processing component; obtaining, from the gate-level processing component, a change indication indicating that the gate-level processing component modified the first sub-circuit, whereby determining a modified first sub-circuit; in response to the change indication, synthesizing a modified second sub-circuit based on a knowledge of an existence of the modified first sub-circuit.