Abstract: An organic photodetector comprising a photosensitive organic layer comprising an electron donor and an electron acceptor wherein the electron acceptor is a compound of formula (I): EAG-EDG-EAG??(I) wherein each EAG is an electron accepting group; and EDG is an electron-donating group of formula (II) or (III): A photosensor may comprise the organic photodetector and a light source, e.g. a near infra-red light source.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I), D1 and D2 are electron-donating groups; A2 and A3 are electron-accepting groups; B1 and B2 are bridging groups; x1 and x2 are 0, 1, 2 or 3; y1 and y2 are at least 1; z1 and z2 are 0, 1, 2 or 3; and A1 is a group of formula (II) wherein Ar1 is an aromatic or heteroaromatic group; and Y is O, S, NR4 or R1-C?C—R1 wherein R1 in each occurrence is independently H or a substituent wherein two substituents R1 may be linked to form a monocyclic or polycyclic ring and R4 is H or a substituent. The compound may be used as an electron-accepting material with an electron-donating material in an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): Each R1 and R2 is, independently in each occurrence, a substituent. Each R3-R10 is, independently in each occurrence, H or a substituent. At least one occurrence of at least one of R11-R14 is CN. Each Y is independently O or S. Z1-Z4 are each independently a direct bond or Z1, Z2, Z3 and/or Z4 together with, respectively, R4 or R5, R7 or R8, R6, or R9 forms an aromatic or heteroaromatic group. The compound of formula (I) may be provided in an active layer of an organic electronic device, e.g. as an electron acceptor in a bulk heterojunction layer of an organic photodetector. A photosensor may comprise the organic photodetector and a light source, e.g. a near infra-red light source.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I), A1 is an electron-accepting group; D1 and D2 independently in each occurrence is an N electron-donating group; A1, A2 and A3 are each independently an electron-accepting group; B1 and B2 in each occurrence are independently a bridging group; x1 and x2 are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; y1 and y2 are each independently at least 1; z1 and z2 are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; and at least one of (i)-(iv) applies: (i) (D1)y1 and (D2)y2 are different; (ii) A2 and A3 are different; (iii) (B1)x1 and (B1)x2 are different; and (iv) (B2)z1 and (B2)z2 are different. The compound of formula (I) may be used as an electron acceptor in an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I), A1 is a divalent heteroaromatic electron-accepting group comprising at least 3 fused aromatic rings, or has a modelled LUMO of more than 2.70 eV from vacuum level. A2 and A3 are each independently a monovalent electron-accepting group. D1 and D2 independently in each occurrence is an electron-donating group, wherein at least one occurrence of at least one of D1 and D2 is a fused heteroaromatic group comprising at least 4 fused rings. B1 and B2 independently in each occurrence is a bridging group. x1, x2, z1 and z2 are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. y1 and y2 are each independently at least 1. The compound of formula (I) may be used as an acceptor in an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I). A1 is a divalent heteroaromatic electron-accepting group; A2 and A3 are each independently a monovalent electron-accepting group; D1 and D2 independently in each occurrence is an electron-donating group; B1 and B2 independently in each occurrence is a bridging group; x1 and x2 are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; y1 and y2 are each independently at least 1; and z1 and z2 are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that at least one of z1 and z2 is at least 1. The compound of formula (I) may be used as an electron-accepting material in an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A composition comprising a first compound and a second compound of formula (I) wherein EDG is an electron-donating group comprising a polycyclic hetero aromatic group and each BAG is an electron-accepting group of formula (II) --- is a bond to EDG; each R10 is, independently in each occurrence, H or a substituent; each R11-R14 is, independently in each occurrence, H or an electron-withdrawing group; and of the first and second compounds of formula (I), the total number of electron-withdrawing groups R11-R14 is greater for the first compound of formula (I). The composition may further contain an electron donor capable of donating an electron to the compounds of formula (I). The composition may be used in the photoactive layer of an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): wherein: each X is independently O or S; R1 in each occurrence is independently H a substituent; R2 in each occurrence is independently a substituent; B in each occurrence is independently a bridging unit; n in each occurrence is independently 0 or 1; A1 in each occurrence is independently an electron-accepting group; Z is a direct bond or, together with R1, forms a monocyclic or fused ring; and the compound of formula (I) is substituted with at least one substituent of formula (II): -(L)p-[(OCH2CH2)r-R3]q ??(II) wherein: L is a linking group; p in each occurrence is independently is 0 or 1; r in each occurrence is independently an integer from 1 to 10; R3 is H or a substituent; and q is 1 if p is 0 and q is at least 1 if p is 1.

Abstract: A short-wave near infrared, SWIR, photodetector (13) for wavelengths exceeding 900 nm is described. The SWIR photodetector (13) includes a silicon single-electron bipolar avalanche transistor, SEBAT (1), having an emitter (3), a base (4) and a collector (5). The SEBAT (1) is formed using CMOS compatible materials and processes. The SWIR photodetector (13) also includes a thin-film photodiode (12) formed directly on the SEBAT and configured such that, if the SEBAT (1) is NPN, a cathode (14) of the photodiode (12) directly contacts the emitter (3), or if the SEBAT (1) is PNP, an anode (15) of the photodiode (12) directly contacts the emitter (3).

Abstract: An organic photodetector including an electron blocking layer, where the electron blocking layer prevents and/or reduces dark current by preventing electrons traveling from the organic photodetector's anode to the organic photodetector's photoactive layer during dark, photon-less conditions. The electron blocking layer is formed from a compound having the formula: [M]a+[X]a— (General Formula (I)) where: M is a metal; X is CN, SCN, Se CN or TeCN; and a is at least 1.

Abstract: A polymer comprising a repeating structure of formula (I): -D-X1-A-X2-. D is a conjugated electron-donating group of formula (II); A is a conjugated electron-accepting group; X1 and X2 are each independently a conjugated bridge group selected from phenylene, thiophene, furan, thienothiophene, furofuran, thienofuran, thiazole, oxazole, alkene, alkyne and imine, each of which may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents. The polymer has a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level as measured by square wave voltammetry of no more than 5.30 eV from vacuum level. The polymer may be used as an electron donor in an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A material comprising an electron-accepting unit of formula (I): wherein Ar1 and Ar2 independently is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or is absent; and each X is independently H or a substituent with the proviso that at least one X is an electron-withdrawing group and wherein X groups bound to adjacent carbon atoms may be linked to form an electron-withdrawing group. The material further comprises an electron-donating unit D comprising a fused or unfused furan or thiophene. The material may be a polymer comprising repeat units of formula (I). The material may be a non-polymeric compound. An organic photodetector may contain a bulk heterojunction layer containing an electron acceptor or an electron donor wherein at least one of the electron acceptor and electron donor contains a unit of formula (I).

Abstract: A composition comprising a first organic electron donor material having an absorption maximum greater than 900 nm; a second organic electron donor material having an absorption maximum at a shorter wavelength than the first organic electron donor material; and an organic electron acceptor material. The composition may be used in an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A composition comprising an electron-donating polymer and an electron acceptor wherein the electron-donating polymer comprises a benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b?]dithiophene repeat unit and wherein a film of the electron-accepting material has a peak absorption wavelength greater than 1000 nm. The composition may be used as a photosensitive layer of an organic photodetector.

Abstract: A formulation comprising an n-type organic semiconductor, a p-type organic semiconductor and a solvent mixture comprising a first solvent and a second solvent wherein the first solvent is an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon, for example trimethylbenzene, and the second solvent is a benzene substituted with two or more substituents including at least two C1-6 alkoxy groups, for example dimethoxybenzene. The formulation may be used to form the photoactive layer (3) of a photosensitive organic electronic device, for example an organic photo detector, comprising an anode (2) a cathode (4) and the photoactive layer between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: A formulation comprising an n-type organic semiconductor, a p-type organic semiconductor and a solvent mixture comprising a first solvent and a second solvent wherein the first solvent is an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon, for example trimethylbenzene, and the second solvent is a benzene substituted with two or more substituents including at least two C1-6 alkoxy groups, for example dimethoxybenzene. The formulation may be used to form the photoactive layer (3) of a photosensitive organic electronic device, for example an organic photo detector, comprising an anode (2) a cathode (4) and the photoactive layer between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: A composition comprising a first compound and a second compound of formula (I) wherein EDG is an electron-donating group comprising a polycyclic hetero aromatic group and each BAG is an electron-accepting group of formula (II) --- is a bond to EDG; each R10 is, independently in each occurrence, H or a substituent; each R11-R14 is, independently in each occurrence, H or an electron-withdrawing group; and of the first and second compounds of formula (I), the total number of electron-withdrawing groups R11-R14 is greater for the first compound of formula (I). The composition may further contain an electron donor capable of donating an electron to the compounds of formula (I). The composition may be used in the photoactive layer of an organic photodetector.

Abstract: An organic photodetector comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photosensitive organic layer between the electrodes, the photosensitive organic layer comprising a donor polymer and an acceptor compound, characterized in that the acceptor compound has a LUMO level shallower than that of the fullerene derivative PCBM.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): Each R1 and R2 is, independently in each occurrence, a substituent. Each R3-R10 is, independently in each occurrence, H or a substituent. At least one occurrence of at least one of R11-R14 is CN. Each Y is independently O or S. Z1-Z4 are each independently a direct bond or Z1, Z2, Z3 and/or Z4 together with, respectively, R4 or R5, R7 or R8, R6, or R9 forms an aromatic or heteroaromatic group. The compound of formula (I) may be provided in an active layer of an organic electronic device, e.g. as an electron acceptor in a bulk heterojunction layer of an organic photodetector. A photosensor may comprise the organic photodetector and a light source, e.g. a near infra-red light source.

Abstract: This invention relates to a formulation comprising p-type and n-type organic semiconductors and a solvent mixture comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon substituted with one or more substituents selected from alkyl and alkoxy groups and a unsubstituted or substituted benzothiazole, for example 2-methylbenzothiazole. The formulation may be used to form the photoactive layer (3) of a photosensitive organic electronic device, for example an organic photodetector, comprising an anode (2) a cathode (4) and the photoactive layer between the anode and the cathode.