Abstract: The embodiment of a system for remotely controlling a wireless communication mobile phone device senses its space coordinates. GPS and other data is transmitted between mobile phones to alert and/or update a user to the fact that their phone has reached a significant threshold locations, and/or has reached a significant threshold speed of within a given accuracy. A SMS message, and/or voice message, and/or a phone call, and/or a special ring, and/or a special display and/or reset signal, and/or update signal, and/or hang-up signals are cross transmit and received to alert and/or update information of the mobile phone users.

Abstract: A system for increasing a warhead's chance of hitting a target comprises a system for causing the warhead to deviate from its projected trajectory so that it will have an increased chance of avoiding intercepting force such as a kill vehicle a missile, an airplane, an explosive gun, a laser gun, an electron gun, radiation gun, a particles gun, a fire gun, a jet air gun, and/or a remote control guided explosive. The warhead has one or more thrusters, which cause it to deviate from its projected trajectory. An on-board computer controls the thrusters' ignition and burning time in a closed loop with an on-board Global Positioning System (GPS) unit. The GPS data is used for predicting the warhead's trajectory and to assure that the thrusters provide motion displacements of the warhead. In the event the GPS unit fails, the warhead computer and controller can be overridden by an off-board remote control.

Abstract: One embodiment of a system for remotely controlling a wireless communication mobile phone device senses its space coordinates. GPS and other data is transmitted between several mobile phones to alert and/or update a user to the fact that their phone has reached a significant threshold location, and/or has reached a significant threshold speed of within a given accuracy. A SMS message, and/or voice message, and/or a phone call, and/or a special ring, and/or a special display and/or reset signal, and/or update signal, and/or hang-up signals are cross transmitted and received to alert and/or update information of the group of mobile phone users.

Abstract: A scan systems include at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beams to track rotating scan lenses without translation between the scan beams and the scan lenses. The rotating scan lenses focus the scan beams into radiation spots and project them onto a scanned surface as moving scan spots. Relative movement between the scanned surface and the scan lenses produces an inner drum area scan. According to another version the system includes at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beam to track rotating reflectors, The reflectors direct the beams to rotating tracking lenses without translation between the beams and the lenses. The lenses focus the scan beams into spots and project these onto a scanned surface as moving spots.

Abstract: A scan systems include at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beams to track rotating scan lenses without translation between the scan beams and the scan lenses. The rotating scan lenses focus the scan beams into radiation spots and project them onto a scanned surface as moving scan spots. Relative movement between the scanned surface and the scan lenses produces an inner drum area scan. According to another version the system includes at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beams to track rotating reflectors. The reflectors direct the beams to rotating tracking lenses without translation between the beams and the lenses. The lenses focus the scan beams into spots and project these onto a scanned surface as moving spots.

Abstract: Scan systems include at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a scan-device system. The scan device system includes at least one scan device that reflects these beams as rotating scan beams which point to the optical aperture of a rotating optical system. The rotating optical system has at least one optical component selected from a group of reflectors and lenses, focuses the scan beams into radiation spots, and projects them onto a scanned surface as moving scan spots. Linear relative movement between the scanned surface and the rotating optical system produces an area scan of inner drum or planar surface.

Abstract: A scan systems include at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beams to track rotating scan lenses without translation between the scan beams and the scan lenses. The rotating scan lenses focus the scan beams into radiation spots and project them onto a scanned surface as moving scan spots. Relative movement between the scanned surface and the scan lenses produces an inner drum area scan. According to another version the system includes at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beams to track rotating reflectors. The reflectors direct the beams to rotating tracking lenses without translation between the beams and the lenses. The lenses focus the scan beams into spots and project these onto a scanned surface as moving spots.

Abstract: Fast image acquisition and image process control are used to advantage to measure dynamic and transient phenomena. This technique distinguishes fluid from bubbles by taking an image of a container containing fluid and modifying the gray levels of the image. Unmodified image processing can be performed without the disadvantage of large time consumption. The technique is used for detecting fluid levels and bubbles, by counting image pixels dedicated to bubbles or to fluid along vertical or horizontal lines within the image. The rate of change of liquid level and the amount of bubbles with time indicate leakage in containers while they are in a dynamic state. The inspection of transient phenomena during a dynamic state gives an indication of the final quality and quantity of a product inside a container. It also provides feedback for the determination of fill nozzle operation, with the advantage of easy calibration and adjustment for the right amount of bubbles within the container.

Abstract: A system for measuring the distance of an examined surface from a reference plane includes two detectors and a radiation source for directing a beam along a path which includes a first focussing lens for focussing the beam as a spot on the surface and reflecting it. A collecting lens converts the reflected radiation to a reflected beam. A splitter directs part of the reflected beam through a second path which includes a second focussing lens for focussing part of the reflected beam onto a surface of the first detector. Its position on the first detector corresponds to the distance of the examined surface under the spot from the reference plane, according to by a first equation with two terms: a first drawback error and a first surface displacement. The other part of the reflected beam propagates through a splitter and along a third path which includes a third focussing lens for focussing the other part of the reflected beam onto a second spot on a surface of the second detector.

Abstract: A system for scanning or tracking, which includes a polygon rotatable about a rotational axis. The system further includes a fixed radiation source directing radiation at the polygon along a path whose extension would intersect the rotational axis of the polygon. The intersection of the extended path with the rotational axis of the polygon constitutes an original imaginary intersection point. The system includes a first scanned region onto which the radiation is projected, the projection being characterized in that radiation emanating from the radiation source is reflected from the polygon and is made to propagate, prior to impinging on the first scanned region, along a path which includes at least one additional path segment with the additional path segment passing through or directed at an additional intersection point, the additional intersection point being a real or imaginary image of the original intersection point.

Abstract: An electrically conductive, shielding mesh structure (320) is interposed between a scanning electron microscope (10) and a sample (110) being examined. This shield prevent electrical field (325) leakage from the microscope from reaching the sample (110) where it would otherwise interact with various sample compositions or structures unpredictably, causing uncertainty in the working and focal distances. The mesh (320) can be electrically biased and electrical field gradients can be introduced by applying different voltages to different wires (360, 510) in the mesh. Alternatively, the mesh (320) can operate magnetically and adjustable magnetic and electric fields and fields gradients can be utilized to maximize collection efficiency and minimize distortion of scanned image. The absence of the perturbing leakage field (325) at the sample enables the use of an optical autofocus system (630,640, 690, 700, 730, and 750), resulting in a high sample throughput rate.

Abstract: A system for scanning or tracking, which includes a polygon rotatable about a rotational axis. The system further includes a fixed radiation source directing radiation at the polygon along a path whose extension would intersect the rotational axis of the polygon. The intersection of the extended path with the rotational axis of the polygon constituting an original imaginary intersection point. Finally, the system includes a scanned region onto which the radiation is projected, the projection being characterized in that radiation emanating from the radiation source is reflected from the polygon and is made to propagate, prior to impinging on the scanned region, along a path which includes at least one additional path segment with the additional path segment passing through or directed at an additional intersection point, the additional intersection point being a real or imaginary image of the original intersection point.

Abstract: A technique for detecting defects in stationary products or in products moving on a production line (102, FIG. 1) by analyzing their images uses a matrix or line-scan camera (104, FIG. 1) for taking images of products (102). The product's dimensions are measured with accuracy and the sizes and positions of their surface defects are determined. The technique is much faster and more accurate than current techniques and is based on an analysis of the histogram vectors of the full image (FIG. 5). A carefully selected template image (A1, FIG. 2) composed of templates (B1, FIG. 2) is created and saved in the memory of a computer (106, FIG. 1). The method also includes the steps of creating and saving a histogram vector of the template image loading Look-Up Tables with a shifting and quantizing function for the image gray levels saving a product image in memory to be superposed onto template image (FIG.

Abstract: Fast image acquisition and image process control can be used to advantage to measure dynamic and transient phenomena. This technique can distinguish fluid from bubbles by modifying the image's gray levels. The technique is used for detecting fluid levels and bubbles, by counting image pixels dedicated to bubbles or to fluid along vertical or horizontal lines within the image. The rate of change of fluid level and the amount of bubbles with time indicate leakage in containers while they are in a dynamic state. The inspection of transient phenomena during a dynamic state gives an indication of the final quality and quantity of a product inside a container. It also provides a good feedback for the determination of fill nozzle operation, with the advantage of easy calibration and adjustment for the right amount of bubbles within the container. The application is highly beneficial in the beer and soft drink industry where the taste of the product is highly influenced by the amount of bubbles within the container.

Abstract: A technique for detecting defects in stationary products or in products moving on a production line (102, FIG. 1) by analyzing area of interest (AOls) of their modified images uses a matrix or linescan camera (104, FIG. 1) for taking images of products (102). The product's dimensions are measured with accuracy, and the existence and alignment of caps and seals is determined. The technique is much faster and more accurate than current techniques and is based up on an analysis of the AOls and their discontinuities. (209 FIG. 1). Carefully selected AOls of the modified image (2 to 8, FIG. 2) are saved in the memory of a computer (106, FIG. 1). The method also includes loading look-up tables to modify the gray levels of the products; saving AOls in memory to be analyzed (FIG. 1); analyzing AOl data, counting pixel discontinuities, etc. The results can be used to measure product ovality, check caps and seals on products, and check changes of fluid or content levels in containers.

Abstract: What is described is a process for reading a chain (34) of code characters which is arranged annularly on a transparent bottle (10) in the bottom area of the same, by photographing at least the bottom area of the bottle through the bottle neck by means of a camera (24) and simultaneously illuminating the bottom area of the bottle from below. With a zero relative speed of rotation between camera (24), bottle (10) and illumination source (32), a snapshot of the bottom area of the bottle with the complete code character chain (34) is taken from the inside of the bottle with the camera (24) and is stored as an image for the later decoding of the code character chain. The code-reading process is a very rapid process, because the fraction of a second in which the bottle (10) is in a line with the camera (24) and the illumination source (32) is adequate for reading the code.

Abstract: A method of measuring the distance of an examined surface from a reference plane, by: (a) directing a parallel beam of radiation along a first optical path in which the parallel beam is focussed as a spot on the examined surface and reflected therefrom; (b) converting the reflected beam to a parallel beam; (c) directing a part of the reflected parallel beam through a second optical path in which the spot is focussed on a surface of a first detector located such that the position of the spot on the first detector includes both drawback errors caused by variations in reflectivity, scattering, and/or interference in the examined surface; and a plane displacement error, representing the distance between the plane of the examined surface and the reference plane; (d) directing another part of the reflected parallel beam through a third optical path in which the spot is focussed on a surface of a second detector located such that the position of the spot on the second detector includes only the drawback errors; (e)

Abstract: A technique for detecting defects in stationary products or in products moving on a production line (102, FIG. 12) by analyzing their images uses a matrix or line-scan camera (104, FIG. 12) for taking images of products (102). The product's dimensions are measured with accuracy and the sizes and positions of their surface defects are determined. The technique is much faster and more accurate than current techniques and is based on an analysis of the histogram of the full image (C, FIG. 2). A carefully selected template image (A, FIG. 1) is created and saved in the memory of a computer (106, FIG. 12). The method also includes the steps of: creating and saving a histogram vector of the template image; loading look-up tables with a shifting and quantizing function for the image gray levels; saving a product image in memory to be superposed onto template image (FIG. 1); creating and saving a histogram vector of the result superposed image; analyzing the resulting histograms, i.e.

Abstract: A polygon for reading and writing information, and for tracking industrial products on a rotating carousel is arranged so that each of its sides behaves effectively like a mirror mounted directly on a rotational axis of the polygon. When this polygon is installed in the center of rotating carousel, it can perform accurate tracking of objects on the carousel with a constant (fixed) rotational speed equal to half of the rotational speed of the carousel. One design employs a polygon with side mirrors tilted in an arbitrary angle with surrounding mirrors (opposite-side mirrors) tilted at a right angle with respect to the tilted side mirrors of the polygon (FIG. 12). Additional designs are of polygons with side mirrors tilted at an arbitrary angle .alpha. and opposite-side mirrors tilted at an angle .alpha./n (where n is an integer) with respect to the tilted side mirrors of the polygon. Such a polygon is illustrated in FIG. 11 for n=1 (.alpha.=.beta.=45 degrees).

Abstract: A method of measuring the distance of an examined surface from a reference plane, by: (a) directing a parallel beam of radiation along a first optical path in which the parallel beam is focussed as a spot on the examined surface and reflected therefrom; (b) converting the reflected beam to a parallel beam; (c) directing a part of the reflected parallel beam through a second optical path in which the spot is focussed on a surface of a first detector located such that the position of the spot on the first detector includes both drawback errors caused by variations in reflectivity, scattering, and/or interference in the examined surface; and a plane displacement error, representing the distance between the plane of the examined surface and the reference plane; (d) directing another part of the reflected parallel beam through a third optical path in which the spot is focussed on a surface of a second detector located such that the position of the spot on the second detector includes only the drawback errors; (e)