Abstract: A data structure of an image signal includes a reproduction cycle identifier indicating whether the cycle of image display for each frame is variable or not. When the display cycle identifier indicates that the display cycle is fixed, display cycle data is inserted in a header of the coded image data, and data relating to the frame number is inserted in each frame. On the other hand, when the display cycle identifier indicates that the display cycle is variable, display time data is inserted for each frame. Therefore, when decoding and displaying the coded image data having a fixed display cycle, the decoded image data can be displayed by a simple circuit structure, i.e., based on the display cycle data and the frame number data having a relatively small data quantity (bit number), without referring to the display time data having a relatively large data quantity for each frame. Furthermore, this data structure can be applied to a coded image signal having a variable display cycle.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus has a triangular shaped stage which is movable in a two-dimensional plane while holding a substrate. The stage has a reflecting surface provided on a side face of the stage so that the surface extends in a specific direction intersecting Y axis and X axis. An interferometer radiates a beam onto the reflecting surface to measure a position of the stage in a direction perpendicular to the specific direction. Using the measured position and an angle of the specific direction, a calculator can calculate the position of the stage on rectangular coordinate system defined by X and Y axes. The size and weight of the stage can be reduced, and the throughput of the exposure apparatus is improved.

Abstract: A data structure of an image signal includes a reproduction cycle identifier indicating whether the cycle of image display for each frame is variable or not. When the display cycle identifier indicates that the display cycle is fixed, display cycle data is inserted in a header of the coded image data, and data relating to the frame number is inserted in each frame. On the other hand, when the display cycle identifier indicates that the display cycle is variable, display time data is inserted for each frame. Therefore, when decoding and displaying the coded image data having a fixed display cycle, the decoded image data can be displayed by a simple circuit structure, i.e., based on the display cycle data and the frame number data having a relatively small data quantity (bit number), without referring to the display time data having a relatively large data quantity for each frame. Furthermore, this data structure can be applied to a coded image signal having a variable display cycle.

Abstract: A primary spot and a secondary spot are formed on an optical disc 101. The primary spot is used for recording and reproduction. The secondary spot is positioned apart from the primary spot. The secondary spot differs from the primary spot in a distance from an objective lens. This distance (defocus amount) Def satisfies a range: 0.4×Def0≦Def≦1.7×Def0. It is assumed that a light source wavelength is &lgr;, a track pitch of the optical disc 101 is Tp, and a numerical aperture of the objective lens is NA and that Def0=[0.178&lgr;/{1−cos(sin−1 NA)}]·[{1−(&lgr;/(Tp·NA))}+2.35].

Abstract: A solid pesticidal formulation which comprises (a) 0.1 to 75% by weight of a pesticidal active ingredient, (b) 0.3 to 40% by weight of a dispersant, (c) 0.3 to 20% by weight of a wetting agent, (d) 0.1 to 30% by weight of a boron compound selected from the group of boron oxide, boric acid and borate, (e) 0.1 to 95% by weight of a water-soluble carrier and (f) 0.1 to 30% by weight of smectite that is excellent in preservation stability and can prevent aggregation of formulation, reducing of fluidity, and reducing dispersibility when dilution with water is applied.

Abstract: When coded image data which are obtained by coding image data by a coding method including an inter-frame predictive coding process are decoded, even when the decoding is started from an inter-frame predictive coded frame, the display of a decoded image having few disturbances is started, without the display being considerably delayed from the timing of input of coded image data. An image decoding apparatus 100a for decoding coded image data and displaying a decoded image on the basis of decoded image data comprises a frame memory 112a which holds decoded image data 107 of an already processed frame as reference data which are to be used for the decoding process for the inter-frame predictive coded frame, and initializes the storage area of the frame memory 112a at the initiation of the decoding process for the coded image data.

Abstract: Lactone compounds of formula (1) are useful as monomers to form base resins for use in chemically amplified resist compositions adapted for micropatterning lithography.

Abstract: An apparatus and techniques for reducing the electrostatic sticking of a transfer member to the image carrying body of an image forming apparatus. The visible image on the image carrying body is formed by charged participles. A collective transfer unit collectively transfers the visible image from the image carrying body to a transfer member. A transfer member judging unit judges whether a transfer member exists downstream of and in the vicinity of a transfer position of the collective transfer unit. A pre-stop processing unit for preventing, if the transfer member presence judging unit judges that a transfer monitor exists when the stopping unit stops the device, the transfer member from electrostatically sticking to the image carrying body.

Abstract: An oil separating chamber for separating oil contained in blow-by gas is arranged outside a transmission member passage connecting a crank shaft with a cam shaft of a valve system and at an abutting surface between a cylinder block and a cylinder head. Partition walls perpendicular to the abutting surface for dividing the oil separating chamber into a plurality of small subchambers are alternatively arranged at the cylinder block and the cylinder head to form a labyrinth structure. The small subchamber at one end of the plurality of small subchambers is provided with a blow-by gas intake passage communicated with the transmission member passage. The small subchamber at the other end is provided with a blow-by gas exhaust passage for returning blow-by gas to an air cleaner. Each of the small subchambers not provided with the blow-by gas intake passage is provided with an oil return passage communicating with the transmission member passage.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing an optical switch network of lower loss, lower cost, downsized and superior expandability. To this end, one configuration of the optical switch network according to the present invention comprises a plurality of input ports, a plurality of output ports, a plurality of wavelength converting means provided corresponding to the plurality of input ports, respectively, for each converting a wavelength of light input from each of the input ports, and selecting means for outputting output lights from the plurality of wavelength converting means to particular ports of the output ports, respectively, corresponding to the wavelengths of the output lights. The optical switch network having such a configuration is free of provision of optical branching/coupling devices, therefore it is possible to achieve lower loss, downsized and superior expandability, as compared with conventional distributing and selecting type optical switch networks.

Abstract: Lactone compounds of formula (1) are novel and useful as monomers to form base resins for use in chemically amplified resist compositions adapted for micropatterning lithography.

Abstract: A data structure of an image signal includes a reproduction cycle identifier indicating whether the cycle of image display for each frame is variable or not. When the display cycle identifier indicates that the display cycle is fixed, display cycle data is inserted in a header of the coded image data, and data relating to the frame number is inserted in each frame. On the other hand, when the display cycle identifier indicates that the display cycle is variable, display time data is inserted for each frame. Therefore, when decoding and displaying the coded image data having a fixed display cycle, the decoded image data can be displayed by a simple circuit structure, i.e., based on the display cycle data and the frame number data having a relatively small data quantity (bit number), without referring to the display time data having a relatively large data quantity for each frame. Furthermore, this data structure can be applied to a coded image signal having a variable display cycle.

Abstract: To provide a sheetlike article for laundry which is freed from the scattering or leak of the contents, facilitates arbitrary dispensing and exhibits excellent detergency even when used alone, sheetlike water-soluble substrates are arranged on both surfaces of a thin layer made of a doughy non-phosphate detergent composition which contains nonionic surfactant(s), alkaline agent(s) and sequestering agent(s) and has a penetration hardness at 25° C. of from 0.1 to 10 kg/cm2.

Abstract: A data structure of an image signal includes a reproduction cycle identifier indicating whether the cycle of image display for each frame is variable or not. When the display cycle identifier indicates that the display cycle is fixed, display cycle data is inserted in a header of the coded image data, and data relating to the frame number is inserted in each frame. On the other hand, when the display cycle identifier indicates that the display cycle is variable, display time data is inserted for each frame. Therefore, when decoding and displaying the coded image data having a fixed display cycle, the decoded image data can be displayed by a simple circuit structure, i.e., based on the display cycle data and the frame number data having a relatively small data quantity (bit number), without referring to the display time data having a relatively large data quantity for each frame. Furthermore, this data structure can be applied to a coded image signal having a variable display cycle.

Abstract: A ball grid array type semiconductor package includes a semiconductor chip formed with bonding pads, an elastomer bonded to the semiconductor chip, a flexible wiring substrate bonded to the elastomer and formed with wirings connected at one end of the bonding pads of the semiconductor chip, a solder resist formed on the main surface of the flexible wiring substrate and solder bump electrodes connected to the other ends of the wirings. The elastomer is bonded to the flexible wiring substrate on the side of the tape, the solder resist is formed on the side of the wirings, and the solder bump electrodes are connected with the wirings by way of through holes formed in the solder resist.

Abstract: A ball grid array type semiconductor package includes a semiconductor chip formed with bonding pads, an elastomer bonded to the semiconductor chip, a flexible wiring substrate bonded to the elastomer and formed with wirings connected at one end of the bonding pads of the semiconductor chip, a solder resist formed on the main surface of the flexible wiring substrate and solder bump electrodes connected to the other ends of the wirings. The elastomer is bonded to the flexible wiring substrate on the side of the tape, the solder resist is formed on the side of the wirings, and the solder bump electrodes are connected with the wirings by way of through holes formed in the solder resist.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coated polyester film consisting of a polyester film having opacity as shown by an optical density of not less than 0.

Abstract: A cable assembler which makes it possible to carry out in a short tact time the assembling of cable terminal which needs a plurality of jigs and tools. A robot delivers a bobbin of cable to various stations in a working area. Processing in accordance with the invention reduces tact time.

Abstract: Two stages (WS1), (WS2) holding wafers can independently move between a positional information measuring section (PIS) under an alignment system (24a) and an exposing section (EPS) under a projection optical system (PL). The wafer exchange and alignment are performed on the stage (WS1), during which wafer (W2) is exposed on the stage (WS2). A position of each shot area of wafer (WS1) is obtained as a relative position with respect to a reference mark formed on the stage (WS1) in the section (PIS). Relative positional information can be used for the alignment with respect to an exposure pattern when the wafer (WS1) is moved to the section EPS to be exposed. Therefore, it is not necessary that a stage position is observed continuously in moving the stage. Exposure operations are performed in parallel by the two wafer stages (WS1) and (WS2) so as to improve the throughput.

Abstract: An ester compound of the following formula (1) is provided.