Abstract: A charged particle beam focusing apparatus includes a charged particle beam generator configured to project simultaneously at least one non-astigmatic charged particle beam and at least one astigmatic charged particle beam onto locations on a surface of a specimen, thereby causing released electrons to be emitted from the locations. The apparatus also includes an imaging detector configured to receive the released electrons from the locations and to form images of the locations from the released electrons. A processor analyzes the image produced by the at least one astigmatic charged particle beam and in response thereto adjusts a focus of the at least one non-astigmatic charged particle beam.

Abstract: A charged particle multi-beam inspection system comprises a beam generator directing a plurality of primary charged particle beams onto an object to produce an array of beam spots; an array of a first number of detection elements generating detection signals upon incidence of electrons; imaging optics imaging the array of beam spots onto the array of detection elements; wherein the beam generator includes a multi-aperture plate having an array of a second number of apertures greater than the first number; wherein the beam generator includes a selector having plural different states, wherein, in each of the plural different states, the apertures of a different group of apertures are each traversed by one primary charged particle beam, wherein a number of the apertures of the different group of apertures is equal to the first number.

Abstract: A charged particle beam focusing apparatus includes a charged particle beam generator configured to project simultaneously at least one non-astigmatic charged particle beam and at least one astigmatic charged particle beam onto locations on a surface of a specimen, thereby causing released electrons to be emitted from the locations. The apparatus also includes an imaging detector configured to receive the released electrons from the locations and to form images of the locations from the released electrons. A processor analyzes the image produced by the at least one astigmatic charged particle beam and in response thereto adjusts a focus of the at least one non-astigmatic charged particle beam.

Abstract: A charged particle beam focusing apparatus includes a charged particle beam generator configured to project simultaneously at least one non-astigmatic charged particle beam and at least one astigmatic charged particle beam onto locations on a surface of a specimen, thereby causing released electrons to be emitted from the locations. The apparatus also includes an imaging detector configured to receive the released electrons from the locations and to form images of the locations from the released electrons. A processor analyzes the image produced by the at least one non-astigmatic charged particle beam and in response thereto adjusts a focus of the at least one non-astigmatic charged particle beam.

Abstract: A charged particle multi-beam inspection system comprises a beam generator directing a plurality of primary charged particle beams onto an object to produce an array of beam spots; an array of a first number of detection elements generating detection signals upon incidence of electrons; imaging optics imaging the array of beam spots onto the array of detection elements; wherein the beam generator includes a multi-aperture plate having an array of a second number of apertures greater than the first number; wherein the beam generator includes a selector having plural different states, wherein, in each of the plural different states, the apertures of a different group of apertures are each traversed by one primary charged particle beam, wherein a number of the apertures of the different group of apertures is equal to the first number.

Abstract: A charged particle beam focusing apparatus includes a charged particle beam generator configured to project simultaneously at least one non-astigmatic charged particle beam and at least one astigmatic charged particle beam onto locations on a surface of a specimen, thereby causing released electrons to be emitted from the locations. The apparatus also includes an imaging detector configured to receive the released electrons from the locations and to form images of the locations from the released electrons. A processor analyzes the image produced by the at least one non-astigmatic charged particle beam and in response thereto adjusts a focus of the at least one non-astigmatic charged particle beam.

Abstract: A high-throughput inspection system and method.

Abstract: A high-throughput inspection system and method.

Abstract: Electro-optical display apparatus includes a plurality of modular units each having a projector for receiving electrical signals, converting them to optical images, and projecting the optical images via an optical projection system onto a screen. The modular units are arranged in a side-by-side array such as to produce a combined display on the screen. A calibration system detects distortions in the combined display caused by the projection system of each modular unit and modifies the electrical signals applied to the projector of each modular unit to correct the combined display with respect to the detected distortions.