Abstract: A sliding nozzle plate enjoying outstanding stability to resist wear, spalling, corrosion, and particularly loss due to corrosion is produced by preparing a composition consisting of at least one refractory raw material selected from the group consisting of acidic and/or neutral refractory raw materials, carbon, metal powder, and 2 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of coarse and/or medium particles of an alumina-zirconia-titania mixture of 42 to 79.3% by weight of alumina, 20 to 40% by weight of zirconia, 0.5 to 16% by weight of titania, and the balance to make up 100% by weight and not more than 2% by weight of inevitably entrained elements. The composition is required to have a particle size distribution of 30 to 60% by weight of coarse and medium particles and the balance to make up 100% by weight of fine particles and/or fine powder. The composition is kneaded with a binder, molded in a prescribed shape, and subjected to firing in reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: A porous ceramic structure adapted in a molten metal container in a way such that the structure pierces the wall of the container for introducing a gas thereinto. The structure comprises a main body made of a porous ceramic material and having a recession on the side adjacent to the outer surface of the container and a sub-body made of a porous ceramic material fitted in the recession of the main body. This ceramic structure enables the operator to make timely judgment for its replacement with new one before it breaks down to cause leakage of molten metal from its container.

Abstract: A forsterite-carbon refractory containing forsterite material, carbonaceous material, silicon carbide and magnesia refractory material.