Abstract: A robot arm includes a robot hand including a hand base to which first and second finger connection portions are connected, and a finger moving portion to move the first and second finger connection portions with respect to the hand base such that a distance between a first finger and a third finger increases or decreases. A rotation axis rotating the hand base passes through a midpoint between fingertips of the first finger and the third finger while the first finger and the third finger are perpendicular to the hand base. the robot arm includes a forearm and a wrist joint to connect the robot hand to the forearm rotatably with two rotational degrees of freedom or one rotational degree of freedom. The forearm is rotatable around a forearm rotation axis that passes through the forearm and is the rotation axis that allows the hand base to be rotated.

Abstract: A robot hand operation device through which an operator inputs an operation instruction to move a robot hand including at least three fingers includes: a main body portion held by the operator; and joysticks each being corresponded with each of the fingers of the robot hand to be operated and provided in the main body portion in a number that is the same as that of the fingers. When the operator operates each of the joysticks, the operation instruction to move the finger corresponded with the each of the joysticks is inputted, and when the operator does not operate each of the joysticks, the operation instruction to move the finger corresponded with the each of the joysticks is not inputted.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first transparent substrate having a plurality of electrodes, a second transparent substrate, a liquid crystal interposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, an illumination light source disposed on a back side of the first transparent substrate, pixel regions arranged in a matrix, and a reflecting film formed between the first transparent substrate and the electrodes. The reflecting film has at least one light transmission aperture in each pixel region and without slits at positions corresponding to gaps between adjacent ones of the pixel regions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first transparent substrate having a plurality of electrodes, a second transparent substrate, a liquid crystal interposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, an illumination light source disposed on a back side of the first transparent substrate, pixel regions arranged in a matrix, and a reflecting film formed between the first transparent substrate and the electrodes. The reflecting film has at least one light transmission aperture in each pixel region and without slits at positions corresponding to gaps between adjacent ones of the pixel regions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal is interposed between a first transparent substrate having first electrodes and a second transparent substrate having other electrodes. Pixel regions are formed at portions where the first electrodes and the other electrodes are opposed to each other. A semitransparent reflecting film is formed between the first transparent substrate and the first electrodes. The semitransparent reflecting film is formed with light transmission apertures in each pixel region. The semitransparent reflecting film also occupies portions corresponding to the gaps between the adjacent pixel regions. Alternatively, in addition to the light transmission apertures, the semitransparent reflecting film is formed with slits at positions corresponding to the gaps between the adjacent pixel regions. A light absorption film is formed between the first transparent substrate and the semitransparent reflecting film at positions corresponding to the slits, or the slits are charged with a light absorption film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal is interposed between a first transparent substrate having one electrodes and a second transparent substrate having the other electrodes. Pixel regions are formed at portions where the one electrodes and the other electrodes are opposed to each other. A semitransparent reflecting film is formed between the first transparent substrate and the one electrodes. The semitransparent reflecting film is formed with light transmission apertures in each pixel region. The semitransparent reflecting film also occupies portions corresponding to the gaps between the adjacent pixel regions. Alternatively, in addition to the light transmission apertures, the semitransparent reflecting film is formed with slits at positions corresponding to the gaps between the adjacent pixel regions. A light absorption film is formed between the first transparent substrate and the semitransparent reflecting film at positions corresponding to the slits, or the slits are charged with a light absorption film.

Abstract: In order to provide a liquid crystal display device of high display quality by improving the evenness of a liquid crystal cell gap in a marginal frame portion of a liquid crystal element suited to a narrow frame, the liquid crystal display device is provided with a pair of liquid crystal display element substrates having a liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween, and a plurality of liquid crystal driving elements connected to conductors formed on each of the liquid crystal display element substrates, for driving the liquid crystal. Each of the liquid crystal display element substrates includes a plurality of display electrodes wired in parallel, a plurality of parallel terminal electrodes, mutually parallel oblique straight wiring electrodes, and a plurality of dummy electrodes generally parallel to the terminal electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel includes a first transparent substrate having color filters arranged in a predetermined order, a patterned light blocking film formed between the color filters and first transparent electrodes formed on the color filters; a second transparent substrate having second transparent electrodes arranged to intersect the first transparent electrodes; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second transparent substrates with the first and second transparent electrodes opposing each other and spacers dispersed between the first and second transparent substrates. The color filters and the light blocking film extend into a marginal area outside an area optically switchable upon application of an electric field on the liquid crystal display panel in substantially the same geometric pattern as within the optically switchable area.

Abstract: A multi-layer liquid crystal panel for a liquid crystal display device having stacked light transmitting substrates of different sizes is disclosed. A retainer is disposed at a position directly beneath a sealing member which seals a first substrate and a second substrate, between the second substrate and a third substrate. The retainer is applied to the substrates simultaneously with the application of the sealing member. The first, second and third substrates are stacked one on the other and pressed to form a multi-layer panel. By virtue of the retainer, the gaps between the respective substrates are maintained uniform over the display area.