Abstract: A method and treating material are presented for forming a mixed-carbide layer of at least one Va-Group element and of chromium on the surface of a carbon-containing ferrous-alloy material. A molten treating bath is prepared by introducing one or more Va-Group elements in oxide form and chromium in metal or alloy form or by introducing one or more Va-Group elements in metal or alloy form and at least one chromium oxide into a molten bath composed of boric acid, of at least one borate or of a mixture thereof. An article of carbon-containing ferrous alloy is immersed and maintained in the molten treating bath until a mixed-carbide layer is formed on its surface. The mixed-carbide layer formed on the surface of the article is very smooth, wear resistant and high-temperature-oxidation resistant.

Abstract: A method and treating material are presented for forming a mixed carbide layer of Va-Group elements on the surface of a carbon-containing ferrous-alloy material. The molten bath is made by introducing one or more oxides of Va-Group elements and one or more metals or alloys of Va-Group elements (other than the elements forming the oxides) into a molten bath composed of boric acid, a borate or a mixture thereof. The mixed carbide layer formed on the surface of the article is very smooth, wear resistant and corrosion resistant.

Abstract: A method for forming a boron-containing carbide layer on the surface of a ferrous alloy article by dipping the article in a molten bath. The bath is made by introducing boron and an oxide of a Va-Group element or of chromium into molten boric acid or a borate bath. The ratio of the boron to the oxide is between 7% and 40%. The carbide layer formed is very hard and has good oxidation resistance.

Abstract: A method for a surface treatment to form a hard layer including a IV-b group element of the Periodic Table on the surface of an iron, ferrous alloy or cemented carbide article in a molten bath, comprising preparing the molten bath composed of boron oxide and a IV-b group element, immersing the article in the molten bath and applying an electric current to, the molten bath through said article, said article being used as the cathode, thereby forming a very hard layer comprising the carbide of said IV-b group element on the surface of said article. The method of this invention can quickly form a uniform and dense hard layer on the surface of the article and can be carried out in the open air.

Abstract: A converter for the purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and the like which comprises a first converting layer of a catalyst of a sintered body structure selected from the group consisting of nickel oxide-copper oxide; manganese oxide-cerium oxide; manganese oxide-lanthanum oxide; manganese oxide-iron oxide; manganese oxide-niobium oxide; manganese oxide-nickel oxide; and either niobium oxide or yttrium oxide or mixtures of both with cobalt oxide; and a second converting layer of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum; platinum-rhodium; platinum-palladium; and nickel oxide, chromium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide and barium oxide; wherein the converter is constructed so that the exhaust gases pass through said first converting layer and then through said second converting layer. A copper-filled layer consisting of a copper-containing material may be further provided upstream of said first and second converting layers.

Abstract: A method for forming a very hard layer on the surface of an iron, ferrous alloy or cemented carbide article in a treating molten bath, comprising preparing the treating molten bath composed of boron oxide and chromium, immersing the article in the treating molten bath and applying an electric current to the treating molten bath through said article being used as the cathode, thereby forming a very hard layer composed of chromium carbide and/or chromium boride on the surface of said article. The method of this invention can quickly form a uniform and dense layer on the surface of the article and can be carried out in the open air.

Abstract: An alloy for use as a fuse element in a high temperature fuse characterized by having a high resistance to corrosion and a melting point at a fixed temperature within a range of 1000.degree. to 1100.degree.C. The alloy consists of copper containing 10-14% aluminum and 0-2.5% of a second constituent which second constituent consists of one or more metals selected from a group consisting of nickel, manganese and iron. The alloy also has desirable hardness and good workability to enable fabrication of the alloy into a fused element.

Abstract: An alloy of nickel-aluminum-molybdenum containing silicon in the ranges enclosed between points A (nickel--85% by weight, aluminum--5% by weight, molybdenum--10% by weight), B (nickel--75%, aluminum--15%, molybdenum--10%), C (nickel--65%, aluminum--15%, molybdenum--20%) and D (nickel--75%, aluminum--5%, molybdenum--20%) as shown in FIG. 1 and including silicon in the range of 0.1 to 3% by weight and preferably in a range of 0.5 to 2.5% by weight.

Abstract: A method for a surface treatment to form a hard layer including a IV-b group element of the Periodic Table on the surface of an iron, ferrous alloy or cemented carbide article in a molten bath, comprising preparing the molten bath composed of boron oxide and a IV-b group element, immersing the article in the molten bath and applying an electric current to the molten bath through said article, said article being used as the cathode, thereby forming a very hard layer comprising the carbide of said IV-b group element on the surface of said article. The method of this invention can quickly form a uniform and dense hard layer on the surface of the article and can be carried out in the open air.