Abstract: An ink-jet recording material having on a support at least the outermost ink-receiving layer and a lower ink-receiving layer, with the outermost ink-receiving layer containing as main constituents a binder and a pigment having an average particle size of 30 to 500 nm and being constituted so that all constituents contained therein show a pH value of from 6.5 to 10 as a slurry solution prepared by dispersing them homogeneously in water in a total concentration of 10% by weight, thereby providing fast images of high quality equivalent to those obtained by silver halide photography and graphic arts when multiple color printing is done thereon with an inkjet color printer using water-based pigment ink.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording material having on a support at least one ink-receiving layer comprising pigment and binder, which further contains in the uppermost layer of the ink-receiving layers at least one water-soluble acidic or neutral salt selected from the group consisting of aluminum salts, magnesium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts and zinc salts, and thereby acquires suitability for an ink-jet recording process using pigment ink.

Abstract: An ink jet recording paper having on at least one side of a base paper at least two ink-receiving layers which each comprise a pigment and a resin as main components; the topmost layer of said ink-receiving layers having a thickness of 5 &mgr;m to less than 25 &mgr;m and a density of 0.4 g/cm3 to 0.6 g/cm3 and the ink-receiving layer arranged underneath said topmost layer having a density higher than the density of the topmost layer by 0.05 g/cm3 to 0.5 g/cm3, thereby acquiring high suitability for full-color ink jet printer of photo type.

Abstract: In an automatic transmission in which a shifting command can be output by a manual operation of a manual shift lever, in addition to an automatic shifting based on a usual shifting map, the shifting command is possibly executed while preventing an over-revolution and stalling of an engine due to an inappropriate shifting command. If the vehicle speed is in a shifting prohibiting range with a possibility that an over-revolution or stalling of the engine may be caused, when a shifting command is output, the shifting is prohibited, and a timer is set. When the present vehicle speed is translated from the shifting prohibiting range to a shifting permitting range as a result of change in vehicle speed, during counting by the timer, the shifting which has been prohibited is executed.

Abstract: In order to prevent an increase in engine noise during a kick-down, a timer is set concurrently with a downshifting. When the throttle opening degree becomes equal to or larger than a threshold value YTHNST by a rapid depression of an accelerator pedal before lapse of a predetermined time, a lock-up clutch of a torque converter is brought into an engaged state, thereby preventing a revolution speed of an engine from rising rapidly in order to alleviate the engine noise. After the throttle opening degree TH becomes smaller than the threshold value YTHNST and the engagement of the lock-up clutch is released, the lock-up clutch is not brought into the engaged state even if the throttle opening degree TH again becomes equal to or larger than the threshold value YTHNST. Also, when the throttle opening degree TH becomes equal to or larger than the threshold value YTHNST after lapse of the predetermined time, the lock-up clutch is not brought into the engaged state.

Abstract: A control system for an automatic transmission for a vehicle provides an enhancement in a shifting characteristic in a manually shifting mode by controlling an operating hydraulic pressure for hydraulic engage elements in an appropriate manner. In a first range from the output of a shifting command to a time point when a timer TOIPU reaches a counting-up value, or a time point when the slip rate ECL of the hydraulic engage elements exceeds a value YECLIPUS, the operating hydraulic pressure is set at a preset value depending upon the type of shifting. In a second range from the end of the first range to a time point when the timer TOIPU reaches a counting-up value, or a time point when a slip rate ECL exceeds a value TECLIPUS, and in a third range from the end of the second range to a time point when a timer TKAK reaches a counting-up value, the operating hydraulic pressure QAT is set at a value corresponding to an engine torque or a transmission input torque.

Abstract: An automatic transmission for outputting shifting commands by manual operation of a manual shift lever in addition to an automatic shifting. When a first-stage shifting command is output, a clutch timer is set. When a second-stage shifting command is output during counting by the clutch timer, the second-stage shifting is prohibited. A shifting command storage timer is set simultaneously with the prohibition of the second-stage shifting. If the time is counted up by the clutch timer during counting by the shifting command storage timer, the second-stage shifting is permitted at this time point. If the time is counted up by the shifting command storage timer earlier than by the clutch timer, the second-stage shifting command is canceled. Thus, the first- and second-stage shifting operations are prevented from being continuously conducted, thereby suppressing the time lag required for the engagement of the hydraulic engagement element to the minimum.

Abstract: A method for controlling an automatic transmission by carrying out speed changes in a vehicle in accordance with predetermined characteristics, said characteristics including engine load and vehicle speed, and said method comprising the step of carrying out a non-creeping control. The non-creeping control is carried out by stopping a power transmission to, or decreasing a transmitting torque to, an output side of the transmission when braking apparatus is operated under an idling operating condition in which the vehicle is substantially stopped. The non-creeping control is continued once the non-creeping control has been started even if thereafter the braking apparatus ceases to be operating.

Abstract: A ceramic material for use in insert-casting, which contains not less than 65% by volume of aluminum titanate as a crystalline phase. The average particle diameter of crystals of the aluminum titanate is not less than 10 .mu.m, and not more than 20% by volume of a glass phase containing a rare earth element in an amount of 0.5 to 16% by weight when calculated in the form of an oxide is contained. Young's modulus is 50 to 2,000 kgf/mm.sup.2. A process for producing the same is also disclosed, which includes the steps of preparing a powder by mixing a material, as an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 source material, containing not more than 96% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and having an average particle size of not less than 3 .mu.m, a material having an average particle diameter of not more than 3 .mu.m as a TiO.sub.2 source material, and a given rare earth element in an amount of 1.8% by weight when calculated in the form of an oxide, shaping the powder, and drying and firing the shaped body.