Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic recording medium, includes, in the order recited, the steps of forming a mask protective film composed of carbon on a magnetic layer; forming a resist with a predetermined pattern on the mask protective film; forming a protective mask by etching the mask protective film using the resist as a mask; forming protrusions and recesses on a magnetic layer by etching the magnetic layer using the resist and the protective mask as masks; removing the protective mask, including removing the mask protective film comprised of carbon, using ultraviolet light with a principal wavelength not longer than 340 nm; and forming a protective layer on the magnetic layer having the protrusions and recesses formed thereon.

Abstract: A substrate support jig that reduces residual droplets liable to remain on a support contact point of a thin plate substrate and the substrate support jig is disclosed. The substrate support jig used for cleaning a substrate and subsequently carrying out a Marangoni drying includes a support plate for holding the substrate upright, wherein the support plate has a groove at a contact point for supporting the substrate, and a contact angle of a surface of the support plate in case of pure water is 15 degrees or less.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a substrate; a magnetic recording layer that is provided on the substrate and that has a plurality of tracks; and a separation layer that magnetically separates respective tracks of the plurality of tracks of the magnetic recording layer from one another and that is composed of a material including a nonmagnetic amorphous alloy selected from the group consisting of chromium boride (CrB), nickel boride (NiB), chromium phosphide (CrP), and nickel phosphide (NiP). The nonmagnetic amorphous alloy is used as a filler material for the separation layer and has a smooth surface after filling and an excellent corrosion resistance. This enables production of the magnetic recording medium by a simple method so that producibility is excellent and without spoiling reliability.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic recording medium avoiding degradation of magnetic performance due to a manufacturing process, including forming a mask protective film on a magnetic layer; forming a resist with a predetermined pattern on the mask protective film; forming a protective mask by etching the mask protective film using the resist as a mask; forming protrusions and recesses on a magnetic layer by etching the magnetic layer using the resist and the protective mask as masks; removing the protective mask; and forming a protective layer on the magnetic layer having the protrusions and recesses; where the magnetic recording medium is not exposed to the atmosphere during a period of time at least from the step of removing the protective mask to the step of forming the protective layer.

Abstract: An organic EL light emitting display employs a color conversion system having a structure in which generation of dark areas in an organic EL element can be suppressed and emission of the organic EL light emitting element can be made highly efficient. The organic EL light emitting display successively includes a transparent substrate, one kind or a plurality of kinds of color filter layers, a bonding layer, a color conversion layer, a barrier layer, a transparent electrode, an organic EL layer and a reflecting electrode. The color filter layer is formed by a wet process, the color conversion layer and the barrier layer are formed by a dry process, and the bonding layer is selected from a group consisting of an inorganic bonding layer, an organic bonding layer, and a laminated body of an organic bonding layer and an inorganic bonding layer.

Abstract: A top emission type organic EL device is disclosed that contains, as a cathode, a transparent electrode that has low reflectivity over a broad wavelength region. The organic EL device has at least lower electrodes, an organic EL layer and an upper electrode formed sequentially on a supporting substrate. The upper electrode is formed from a plurality of transparent electrode layers having different refractive indices to one another. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing such an organic EL device.

Abstract: A top emission type organic EL device is disclosed that contains, as a cathode, a transparent electrode that has low reflectivity over a broad wavelength region. The organic EL device has at least lower electrodes, an organic EL layer and an upper electrode formed sequentially on a supporting substrate. The upper electrode is formed from a plurality of transparent electrode layers having different refractive indices to one another. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing such an organic EL device.

Abstract: Abrasive grains are removed from a glass substrate for a recording medium by washing with water containing an elevated amount of oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms may be in the form of monatomic diatomic or triatomic molecules. In one embodiment, the oxygen is formed at the anode of an electrolysis apparatus. A small amount of an electrolyte may be used in the electrolysis apparatus without interfering with the ability to clean the glass substrate without generating latent flaws. The invention also is defined as a substrate cleaned by the disclosed method and a magnetic recording medium made from the substrate.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is provided which includes a non-magnetic base, and a non-magnetic metal base layer, a magnetic layer, and a protective layer, which are laminated in the order of description on the non-magnetic base, wherein the non-magnetic metal base layer is formed from an alloy film in which at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Ta, Hf, Mo, Cr, Zr and Nb is added to NiAl.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes an uneven layer, a non-magnetic metal base layer, a magnetic layer and a protective layer which are laminated on a non-magnetic base in the order of description. The uneven layer includes non-magnetic metal deposits containing nitrogen or oxygen, and consists of mutually isolated protrusions having a crystalline phase, which are discretely dispersed on the surface of the non-magnetic base, and a connecting layer having an amorphous phase for filling spaces between the protrusions so as to connect the protrusions with each other.

Abstract: A polarization independent optical isolator for transmitting a signal ray in a forward direction and suppressing backward transmission comprises: a first and second optical isolation unit for receiving, transmitting, and outputting signal rays in the forward direction and for suppress backward transmission of any rays; and a reflection unit for coupling to first and second optical isolation unit by directing the outputted signal ray from the first optical isolation unit to the second optical isolation unit, the signal ray received by the first optical isolation unit transmitting in the opposite direction to the outputted signal ray from the second optical isolation unit. A reflection protection unit may be provided to prevent undesired reflection at inlet of the optical isolator. A optical filter for reflecting a component having a predetermined wavelength and transmitting remaining component may be used for the reflection unit. An optical detector may be used for monitoring the remaining component.

Abstract: A polarization independent optical isolator for transmitting a signal ray in a forward direction and suppressing backward transmission comprises: a first and second optical isolation unit for receiving, transmitting, and outputting signal rays in the forward direction and for suppress backward transmission of any rays; and a reflection unit for coupling to first and second optical isolation unit by directing the outputted signal ray from the first optical isolation unit to the second optical isolation unit, the signal ray received by the first optical isolation unit transmitting in the opposite direction to the outputted signal ray from the second optical isolation unit. A reflection protection unit may be provided to prevent undesired reflection at inlet of the optical isolator. A optical filter for reflecting a component having a predetermined wavelength and transmitting remaining component may be used for the reflection unit. An optical detector may be used for monitoring the remaining component.

Abstract: A polarization independent optical isolator for use in optical communication systems is provided. This optical isolator functions to provide dual-way optical isolation wherein an input optical signal entering in the isolation direction is transmitted through the optical isolator twice using a reflecting member, and includes a magnetooptic plate and a birefringent plate disposed between the magnetooptic plate and the reflecting member.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor module for holding an optical fiber inserted in a ferrule and for coupling light into the optical fiber, including: a semiconductor light-emitting device; a lens for converging light emitted from the semiconductor light-emitting device; a holder having a cylindrical part for holding the semiconductor light-emitting device and the lens therein and for allowing the adjustment of a position where the semiconductor light-emitting device is to be fixed and thereby enabling the spacing between the semiconductor light-emitting device and the lens to be adjusted, the lens being fixed inside the cylindrical part and the semiconductor light-emitting device also fixed inside the cylindrical part with the optical axis thereof aligned with the lens; and a receptacle having an inner cylinder for holding the ferrule therein, and joined to one end of the holder by butting end to end so as to allow the joining ends to be adjusted in directions perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens so that the

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical passive component having a polarization-independent optical isolator for constituting an optical fiber amplifier and exhibiting an optical isolator function. At least first and second optical fibers for input and output of light rays, a birefringent crystal, a lens for converting the input light rays into nearly collimated rays, a magnetooptical crystal for receiving a magnetic field so as to rotate by .pi./8+N.pi./4(n=0, 1, . . . ) the polarization direction of the input light rays, and a reflector are disposed in order. A half wave plate is provided to cover one portion of the ray path between the above described birefringent crystal and the above described lens.

Abstract: On one end side of a converging rod lens are provided a first and second input optical fibers and a first and second output optical fibers. On the other end side of the converging rod lens is provided a reflecting mirror. Between the converging lens and the first and second input and output optical fibers is provided a birefringent element for resolving a ray which passes therethrough into an ordinary ray and an extraordinary ray. In the optical paths of the first and second output optical fibers between the converging rod lens and birefringent element is placed a compensator for rotating 45 degrees the plane of polarization of a ray which passes therethrough. The reflecting mirror reflects incident rays from the first and second input optical fibers to the first and second output optical fibers. Between the converging rod lens and the reflecting mirror is provided a magneto-optical element for rotating 22.5 degrees the plane of polarization of a ray which passes therethrough.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide titanium discs to be used as high-density read-while-write magnetic discs. Further object of the present invention is to provide said titanium discs coated with a non-magnetic plated layer.Titanium discs to be used as magnetic discs which satisfy the above object have the following structures: A titanium disc to be used as magnetic disc having the mean height of the peaks from the center line, R.sub.a, of 0.0002 .mu.m to 0.0060 .mu.m and pits on its surface of 25 .mu.m or less in diameter or 5 .mu.m or less in depth. Further, said titanium disc to be used as a magnetic disc is coated with a non-magnetic plated layer with a thickness of 0.09 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m. Moreover, a titanium disc that is most suitable to be used as a magnetic disc is the titanium disc provided with a plated layer of 30/100 or less in a knife-cut peeling test.

Abstract: Optical passive components comprising: a first optical fiber for outputting pumping light; a second optical fiber for receiving the pumping light and either outputting or receiving signal light; a third optical fiber for either receiving or outputting the signal light; a wavelength selecting filter which transmits therethrough the pumping light and reflects the signal light; a mirror which reflects most of the signal light reflected by the wavelength selecting filter and transmits therethrough a portion of the signal light reflected by the wavelength selecting filter such that the wavelength selecting filter and the mirror form an optical assembly; an optical isolator which passes therethrough the signal light reflected by the mirror so as to output the signal light; and a semiconductor optical detecting device for detecting the signal light transmitted through the mirror; wherein the first, second and third optical fibers are disposed at one side of the optical assembly.

Abstract: An optical fiber amplifier suited for use in optical fiber transmission systems includes a plurality of optical passive components. The optical passive components are integrated into an assembly including a birefringent crystal, a first lens, a magneto-optic crystal, an optical filter, and a second lens, all of which are axially aligned in this order, with a half-wave plate interposed between the birefringent crystal and the first lens. The birefringent crystal is opposed to end faces of first and second optical fibers and separates incident light into two linearly polarized light beams having respective polarized light planes generally perpendicular to each other. The half-wave plate allows light emitted from the second optical fiber to pass therethrough and rotates a polarized light plane of incident light. The first lens converts incident light into a generally collimated ray, and the magneto-optic crystal rotates a polarized light plane of incident light by an angle of .pi./8+Nn/4 (N=0, 1, 2, . . .

Abstract: An output shaft is disposed in parallel relation to an engine crank shaft. The output shaft is formed with a gear portion. A first drive shaft is formed with another gear portion which is meshed with the gear portion formed on the output shaft, and disposed in the longitudinal direction intersecting the output shaft at right angle. The first shaft is adapted to transmit power to either ones of front and rear wheels. The output shaft and the first drive shaft are supported on a case. The case is detachably attached to an internal combustion engine. A second drive shaft is supported on an extension of the first drive shaft, and connected to the first drive shaft. The second drive shaft is adapted to transmit power to the remaining wheels of the front and the rear wheels. Due to the foregoing arrangement, both the front and rear wheels are simultaneously driven by one engine output shaft.