Abstract: There are provided a perovskite oxide thin film EL element in which a hole transport layer/a light-emitting layer/an electron transport layer comprising a perovskite oxide thin film are formed on a lower electrode, and an upper electrode is formed thereon, and a perovskite oxide thin film EL element that provides red light emission in the vicinity of a wavelength of 610 nm, which is the basis of display making. A perovskite oxide thin film EL element comprising a lower electrode 1 comprising a polished single crystal substrate, an electron transport layer 2 comprising a perovskite oxide thin film, which is a dielectric, formed on the lower electrode 1, a light-emitting layer 3 comprising a perovskite oxide thin film formed on the electron transport layer 2, a hole transport layer 4 comprising a perovskite oxide thin film, which is a dielectric, formed on the light-emitting layer 3, a buffer layer 5 formed on the hole transport layer 4, and a transparent upper electrode 6 formed on the buffer layer 5.

Abstract: There are provided a perovskite oxide thin film EL element in which a hole transport layer/a light-emitting layer/an electron transport layer comprising a perovskite oxide thin film are formed on a lower electrode, and an upper electrode is formed thereon, and a perovskite oxide thin film EL element that provides red light emission in the vicinity of a wavelength of 610 nm, which is the basis of display making. A perovskite oxide thin film EL element comprising a lower electrode 1 comprising a polished single crystal substrate, an electron transport layer 2 comprising a perovskite oxide thin film, which is a dielectric, formed on the lower electrode 1, a light-emitting layer 3 comprising a perovskite oxide thin film formed on the electron transport layer 2, a hole transport layer 4 comprising a perovskite oxide thin film, which is a dielectric, formed on the light-emitting layer 3, a buffer layer 5 formed on the hole transport layer 4, and a transparent upper electrode 6 formed on the buffer layer 5.

Abstract: A spout (2) of a bottle (1) is provided on the inner side thereof with a partition (3) for dividing the space inside the spout into a liquid effluent part (5) and an air influent part (6). The partition is connected to and integrated with the spout. The space inside the spout divided by the partition is opened in the opening face of the spout toward the outer direction on both the liquid effluent part side and the air influent part side. The partition on the air influent part side is directed toward the interior of the bottle and continued to the inner wall of the spout and closed in the form of a bag. The partition is provided on the trailing part thereof with an air hole (4) connecting the air influent part and the interior of the bottle. When a person applies his lips to the liquid effluent part and tilts the bottle so as to lower the liquid effluent part, the drinking water in the bottle flows into his mouth through the liquid effluent part.

Abstract: A phosphor comprising a matrix material: Ba1-xZnxS wherein 0<x<1 and a luminescence center, typically Mn and/or Eu emits light of a sufficient color purity to eliminate a need for a filter, and in a good response and especially red light suitable in a full-color EL panel. An EL panel comprising the same is also provided.

Abstract: A phosphor thin film includes a matrix material expressed by a composition formula AxByOwSz, and a substance functioning as a luminescence center in the matrix material. In the composition formula, A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn; B represents at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu; O represents oxygen atoms; and S represents sulfur atoms, respectively. Molar ratios are respectively set as 0<x<5, 0<y<4, 0?z<8, and 0?w?8, and 0=z=w never holds true.

Abstract: A phosphor thin film includes a matrix material expressed by a composition formula AxByOwSz, and a substance functioning as a luminescence center in the matrix material. In the composition formula, A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn; B represents at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu; O represents oxygen atoms; and S represents sulfur atoms, respectively. Molar ratios are respectively set as 0<x<5, 0<y<4, 0≦z≦8, and 0≦w≦8, and 0=z=w never holds true.

Abstract: A telephone number relocation guidance system that consists of a server (3) on the Internet (1) and terminal (2). The terminal (2) comes with input method that allows users to enter their information such as telephone number and etc, and display method to display the telephone number and other information, from the server (3). The server (3) has a database stored with numerous records of old telephone numbers and its corresponding new telephone number, and owner of the telephone and the processing unit sending the searched information of the old telephone number and its corresponding new telephone number entry from the terminal (2) and coming from the database.

Abstract: A phosphor comprising a matrix material: Ba1−xZnxS wherein 0<x<1 and a luminescence center, typically Mn and/or Eu emits light of a sufficient color purity to eliminate a need for a filter, and in a good response and especially red light suitable in a full-color EL panel. An EL panel comprising the same is also provided.

Abstract: A light-emitting thin film or phosphor is low temperature annealed by electron beam irradiation to effect crystallization and increase luminance without causing heat-associated damage to the underlying substrate. The treated thin film or phosphor is particularly well adapted for use in electroluminescent devices. The invention is also directed at a method and apparatus for reliably forming luminescent thin films endowed with such properties.

Abstract: In a boiling liquid engine cooling system which employs an electric fan for increasing the condensation function of a radiator (or condenser), there is employed a control means which restrains the rotation speed of the electric fan to a low level at the beginning of the fan rotation and thereafter gradually increases the rotation speed to the normal level as the time proceeds. With this, undesirable sudden violent boiling of liquid coolant in the coolant jacket is prevented.