Abstract: An image forming method comprising the steps of: (i) charging a surface of a photoreceptor; (ii) exposing the charged photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image; (iii) developing the electrostatic latent image using a toner comprising at least a release agent to form a toner image; (iv) transferring the toner image on the photoreceptor to a transfer material; and (v) fixing the toner image transferred on the transfer material employing a contact-heating fixing devise comprising a pair of belts, wherein the releasing agent comprises a first release agent component containing a monoester compound represented by Formula (1) and a second release agent component containing a hydrocarbon having a branched chain structure, wherein a content of the first release agent is 40 to 98% by mass, based on a total mass of the first release agent component and the second release agent component: R1—COO—R2.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image is disclosed. The toner has softening point Tsp of from 90° C. to 110° C., and the toner satisfies the relation of 0.02?(Sw/S)×100?10, Sw being an area of a wax domain having largest diameter among wax domains at a cross section of the toner particle, and S being entire area of the cross section of the toner particle.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner is disclosed, meeting the requirement that G? (60)/G? (80) is from 1×102 to 1×104, where G? (60) G? (80) are each a storage modulus of the toner at 60° C. and 80° C., respectively; G? (100)/G? (130) is from 1 to 102, where G? (100) and G? (130) are each a storage modulus of the toner at 100° C. and 130° C., respectively; and G? (10-130) is from 5×102 to 1×102 dyn/cm21 where G? (100-130) is a storage modulus of the toner at a temperature of from 100 to 130° C.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner contains toner particles each of which has a shell layer on the surface of a core particle comprising at least a first binder resin having a softening point of less than 100° C., a second binder resin having a softening point of not less than 100° C. and a colorant, being applicable to a low-temperature fixing process, and making it possible to achieve conflict functions, such as a heat-resistant storing property, mechanical strength and charge environmental stability.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising the steps of: (i) charging a surface of a photoreceptor; (ii) exposing the charged photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image; (iii) developing the electrostatic latent image using a toner comprising at least a release agent to form a toner image; (iv) transferring the toner image on the photoreceptor to a transfer material; and (v) fixing the toner image transferred on the transfer material employing a contact-heating fixing devise comprising a pair of belts, wherein the releasing agent comprises a first release agent component containing a monoester compound represented by Formula (1) and a second release agent component containing a hydrocarbon having a branched chain structure, wherein a content of the first release agent is 40 to 98% by mass, based on a total mass of the first release agent component and the second release agent component: R1—COO—R2 ??Formula (1)

Abstract: All objective is to provide an image forming method by which sufficient fixing strength can be obtained at a low temperature of 120° C., excellent print images with no belt-like like or streak image defect can be obtained, and no document offsetting is generated even though the superimposed print images are stored. Disclosed is an image forming method comprising the step of fixing a toner image formed with a toner comprising a releasing agent on a transfer material employing a contact-heating fixing device comprising a heating roller and a belt-shaped pressure body, wherein the heating roller is placed on the upper side of the transfer material, the releasing agent comprises the 1st releasing agent component and the 2nd releasing agent component, and the 1st releasing agent component has a content of 40-98% by weight, based on the total weight of the 1st and 2nd releasing agent components.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image is disclosed. The toner has softening point Tsp of from 90° C. to 110° C., and the toner satisfies the relation of 0.02?(Sw/S)×100?10, Sw being an area of a wax domain having largest diameter among wax domains at a cross section of the toner particle, and S being entire area of the cross section of the toner particle.

Abstract: An eletrophotographic toner comprising toner particles each containing a colorant and a resin, wherein the resin in the toner particle satisfies the following Formulas (1) and (2): Formula (1) 20?Tg?40, Formula (2) 15?(Ta?Tg)?40, wherein Tg (° C.) is a glass transition point of the resin; and Ta (° C.) is a 50% aggregation temperature of the resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming method is disclosed, comprising forming a toner image, transferring the toner image onto a recording medium and fixing the transferred toner image in a fixing device comprising a heating roller, an endless belt pressed into contact with the heating roller, a pressing member pressing the inner side of the endless belt and an end pressing member to locally elastically deform the heating roller and provided downstream from the pressing member, wherein the toner comprises toner particles comprising a core containing a resin, a colorant and a releasing agent and a shell on, and the toner particles exhibiting an average of eight-point mean thickness of the shell of 100 to 300 nm and meeting a requirement of an average of Hmax/Hmin being less than 1.50, wherein Hmax is a maximum thickness of the shell and Hmin is a minimum thickness of the shell.

Abstract: A toner includes core particles containing a resin and a colorant, and a coating layer formed over the core particles. The coating layer includes at least one type of coating particles selected from the group consisting of wax-containing resin microparticles containing a resin and a wax, and colorant-containing resin microparticles containing a resin and a colorant, the coating particles fusion-bonded to the surface of the core particles.

Abstract: A toner including core particles containing at least a resin and a colorant and coated with a resin coating layer is provided. The core particles are formed by flocculating and fusion-bonding at least resin microparticles and colorant microparticles dispersed in fluid dispersion, while two or more coating layers are formed over the core particles. A wax is added to at least one of the coating layer(s) but for the outermost coating layer, and the core particles. A ratio d/r between an average thickness d of the overall coating layers and a volume average particle size r of the core particles is adjusted to 0.01 to 0.6.

Abstract: The invention provides a pressure measuring method and device that are capable of easily measuring the volume of a pipe that is an object of inspection and of eliminating the influences of a change in temperature in the pipe.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner contains toner particles each of which has a shell layer on the surface of a core particle comprising at least a first binder resin having a softening point of less than 100° C., a second binder resin having a softening point of not less than 100° C. and a colorant, being applicable to a low-temperature fixing process, and making it possible to achieve conflict functions, such as a heat-resistant storing property, mechanical strength and charge environmental stability.

Abstract: A toner includes core particles containing a resin and a colorant, and a coating layer formed over the core particles. The coating layer includes at least one type of coating particles selected from the group consisting of wax-containing resin microparticles containing a resin and a wax, and colorant-containing resin microparticles containing a resin and a colorant, the coating particles fusion-bonded to the surface of the core particles.

Abstract: A toner including core particles containing at least a resin and a colorant and coated with a resin coating layer is provided. The core particles are formed by flocculating and fusion-bonding at least resin microparticles and colorant microparticles dispersed in fluid dispersion, while two or more coating layers are formed over the core particles. A wax is added to at least one of the coating layer(s) but for the outermost coating layer, and the core particles. A ratio d/r between an average thickness d of the overall coating layers and a volume average particle size r of the core particles is adjusted to 0.01 to 0.6.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which shows cholesteric liquid crystal phase and be able to reflect light in visible region selectively, comprising: a nematic liquid crystal material; a first chiral material with shift direction of selective reflection wavelength toward long wavelength direction depending on temperature; and a second chiral material with shift direction of selective reflection wavelength toward short wavelength direction depending on temperature; wherein at least one chiral material between the first chiral material and the second chiral material comprises two or more chiral compounds, and relates to a preparation method of the above chiral nematic liquid crystal composition and a (layered-type) liquid crystal display using the same.

Abstract: The invention provides a pressure measuring method and device that are capable of easily measuring the volume of a pipe that is an object of inspection and of eliminating the influences of a change in temperature in the pipe.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first liquid crystal layer having first liquid crystal exhibiting a cholesteric phase at a room temperature, and being tuned to selectively reflect light of a wavelength &lgr;1 within a visible wavelength range; and a second liquid crystal layer disposed on the first liquid crystal layer, having second liquid crystal exhibiting a cholesteric phase at the room temperature, and being tuned to selectively reflect light of a wavelength &lgr;2 within the visible wavelength range, wherein a difference between the selective reflection wavelengths &lgr;1 and &lgr;2 is in a range from 100 nm to 150 nm.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which shows cholesteric liquid crystal phase and be able to reflect light in visible region selectively, comprising:

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first liquid crystal layer having first liquid crystal exhibiting a cholesteric phase at a room temperature, and being tuned to selectively reflect light of a wavelength &lgr;1 within a visible wavelength range; and a second liquid crystal layer disposed on the first liquid crystal layer, having second liquid crystal exhibiting a cholesteric phase at the room temperature, and being tuned to selectively reflect light of a wavelength &lgr;2 within the visible wavelength range, wherein a difference between the selective reflection wavelengths &lgr;1 and &lgr;2 is in a range from 100 nm to 150 nm.