Abstract: An information recording medium (9) comprises an information layer (9a) in which concavo-convex marks are formed, and a recording layer (13), contained within the information layer (9a), in which added marks are formed by optical properties changing through laser irradiation, and that contains Te, O, and M (where M is at least one element selected from a group consisting of Pd, Au, Pt, Ag, Cu, and Ni). In this information recording medium (9), a pre-laser irradiation reflectance Ra and a post laser irradiation reflectance Rb fulfill 1.0<Rb/Ra<1.1.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a recording film is partially initialized using a first light beam (A) having a wavelength for initialization, focus adjustment is performed using a second light beam (B) having a wavelength corresponding to a wavelength for recording and reproducing information on and from an information recording medium, and then the recording film is initialized using the first light beam (A), thereby it is possible to securely initialize recording films of all information layers of a multilayer information recording medium.

Abstract: The information recording medium (100) of the present invention includes: an information layer (110) including a recording layer (115) capable of changing its phase containing at least one selected from Ge—Te, Sb—Te and Ge—Sb, and two or more dielectric layers (117, 118) disposed on the optical beam incident side with respect to the recording layer (115); and a transparent layer (102) disposed on the optical beam incident side with respect to the information layer (110) adjacent to the information layer, made of a transparent material with respect to the optical beam, and having a refractive index n of 1.75 or more.

Abstract: A VoIP gateway apparatus is used to provide an IP centrex service to accommodated devices. The VoIP gateway apparatus (1) assigns, to a call originated from an accommodated device (PBX 2), a telephone number for which the number of simultaneous call connections has not reached a simultaneous connection tolerance number, and sends the call to an IP centrex network (5) with the assigned telephone number used as a calling number. The VoIP gateway apparatus (1) includes a number-of-calls management part (105) and a SIP processing part (104). The number-of-calls management part (105) manages the number of the current simultaneous call connections for each of the telephone numbers as assigned to the apparatus.

Abstract: An information recording medium (100) of the present invention is an information recording medium that allows information to be recorded thereon by being irradiated with an optical beam or by being applied with electrical energy, and includes at least a recording layer (115) whose phase can change. The recording layer (115) contains antimony (Sb), carbon (C), and a light element (L) having an atomic weight of less than 33. The light element (L) preferably is at least one element selected from B, N, O, Mg, Al, and S. For example, the recording layer (115) may be composed of a material represented by a composition Sb100-x-yCxLy, where the subscripts 100-x-y, x, and y denote composition ratios of Sb, C, and the L in atomic percentage, respectively, and x and y satisfy x+y?50.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium (9) of the present invention is an optical information recording medium including: N information layers, where N is a natural number of 2 or more; and an intermediate layer for separating the N information layers optically from each other. With the N information layers being referred to as a first information layer (10) to an N-th information layer (7) sequentially from an optical beam incident side, a first information layer (10) corresponding to an L-th information layer included in the N information layers includes a recording layer (104) on which information can be recorded by irradiation with an optical beam, a reflective layer (108), and a transmittance adjusting layer (109) in this order from the optical beam incident side, where L is an at least one natural number that satisfies 1?L?N?1. The transmittance adjusting layer (109) contains tungsten (W) and oxygen (O).

Abstract: A fat emulsion comprises a prostaglandin as an active ingredient, the fat emulsion comprising a phospholipid that comprises phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and has a ratio of PC to PG (PC:PG) of 85:15 to 99.7:0.3.

Abstract: In an information recording medium on and from which information is recorded and reproduced by applying light or electric energy, a recording layer which generates reversible phase change is formed so as to include a material containing Ge, Bi, Te and an element “M” which material is expressed with (GeTe)x[(M2Te3)y(Bi2Te3)1-y]100-x (mol %) wherein “M” represents at least one element selected from Al, Ga and In, and “x” and “y” satisfy 80?x<100 and 0<y?0.9, whereby the medium is obtained which ensures a high erasability and an excellent archival characteristic at a high linear velocity and in a wide range of linear velocities.

Abstract: A low-cost information recording medium is provided by which good recording quality can be obtained even when high-density is made using a blue laser. The information recording medium on or from which information can be recorded and reproduced by irradiating the recording layer with laser beam is configured so that the content of O atoms is 20 atom % or more but 70 atom % or less, the content of M atoms is 1 atom % or more but 50 atom % or less and the content of Sb atoms is 10 atom % or more but 70 atom % or less when total number of the Sb atoms, the O atoms and the M atoms contained in the recording layer is 100 atom % and the recording layer does not contain Au, Pt and Pd.

Abstract: An information recording medium with high recording sensitivity and superior repeat overwriting capability. The information recording medium (15) comprising at least recording layer (104) recording and/or reproducing information through irradiation with a laser beam or application of an electric current, and second dielectric layer (106) on substrate (14), wherein the second dielectric layer (106) comprises M1 (provided that M1 is at least one element selected from Sc, Y, La, Gd, Dy and Yb) and O.

Abstract: An information recording medium is provided that has high recording sensitivity and high erasability, even when a recording layer thereof is as thin as about 3 nm. An information recording medium 15 on which information can be recorded by applying light or electrical energy has at least a recording layer 104 that undergoes phase change, while the recording layer 104 contains at least one element selected from among Zn, Si and C, and Sb in total proportion of 85 atomic % or more and has composition preferably represented by the formula Sb100-a1M1a (atomic %) (wherein M1 represents at least one element selected from among Zn, Si and C, and al is a proportion in term of atomic % that satisfies a relationship of 0<a1?50).

Abstract: An optical information recording medium of the present invention includes at least a recording layer (4) that allows information to be recorded thereon and/or reproduced therefrom by being irradiated with a laser beam, and a transmittance adjusting layer (7) in this order from an incident side of the laser beam (30). In the optical information recording medium of the present invention, the transmittance adjusting layer (7) contains Bi, Ti, and O and with a composition of Bi, Ti, and O contained in the transmittance adjusting layer (7) being denoted as BixTiyOz, in atomic number ratio, x, y, and z satisfy 0.07?x?0.35, 0.07?y?0.28, 0.56?z?0.70, and x+y+z=1. Or the transmittance adjusting layer (7) contains Bi2O3 and TiO2, and with a composition of Bi2O3 and TiO2 contained in the transmittance adjusting layer (7) being denoted as (Bi2O3)?(TiO2)?, in molar ratio, ? and ? satisfy 0.2???0.7, 0.3???0.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium, recording/reproducing method thereof, and recording/reproducing apparatus with superior signal quality for high-density recording that has high storage reliability is provided. The optical information recording medium of the present invention has at least one information layer having a recording layer and a dielectric layer in order on a transparent substrate. The dielectric layer is comprised of greater than or equal to 50 molecule percent and less than or equal to 98 molecule percent of Zn—O, and greater than or equal to 2 molecule percent to less than or equal to 50 molecule percent of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of Y—O, Ce—O, Nb—O, Ta—O, Cr—O and Mo—O.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium having the same recording volume as that of DVD-ROM is obtained which shows excellent characteristics at recording linear velocities within a range of twice linear velocity of DVD (about 8.2 m/s) to five times liner velocity of DVD (about 20.5 m/s) and excellent archival stability, by a construction including a transparent substrate, a recording layer which is formed on the substrate directly or with another layer interposed therebetween and can change in phase reversibly by a laser beam irradiation, wherein the composition of the recording layer is within a region bounded by composition points A(41.2, 7.4, 51.4), B(39.8, 10.5, 49.7), C(28.5, 21.7, 9.8), and D(30.6, 15.8, 53.6) in a triangular coordinate graph represented with a coordinate of (Ge, Sb—Bi, Te) and a Bi content in the recording layer is 4 atom % and more and less than 13 atom %.

Abstract: An information recording medium of the present invention includes a recording layer whose phase changes by irradiation with a laser beam or application of current. The recording layer contains, as its main component, a composite composed of Ge and Sb that are essential components, and Te that is an optional component. The composite has a composition within a region enclosed by: point (a) (35, 65, 0), point (b) (36.9, 60, 3.1), point (c) (3.2, 60, 36.8), and point (d) (5, 95, 0) in terms of a coordinate (Ge, Sb, Te)=(x, y, z) on the triangular coordinate shown in FIG. 1, where point (b) corresponds to a point at Sb=60 on Ge60Te40—Ge35Sb65, point (c) corresponds to a point at Sb=60 on Te—Ge5Sb95, and the region includes lines extending between point (a) and point (b), point (b) and point (c), point (c) and point (d), and point (d) and point (a).

Abstract: The present invention provides an information recording medium with high reliability and excellent repeated rewriting performance even when no interface layer is formed and a method for manufacturing the same. Accordingly, the information recording medium for carrying out recording and/or reproducing by light irradiation or electric energy application has a material layer containing at least one element selected from a group GM consisting of Sn and Ga, at least one element selected from a group GL consisting of Ta and Y, and oxygen.

Abstract: The information recording medium of the present invention comprises at least one of the following oxide-based material layers: (I) an oxide-based material layer containing Zr, at least one element selected from the group GL1 consisting of La, Ga and In, and oxygen (O); (II) an oxide-based material layer containing M1 (where M1 is a mixture of Zr and Hf, or Hf), at least one element selected from the group GL2 consisting of La, Ce, Al, Ga, In, Mg and Y, and O; (III) an oxide-based material layer containing at least one element selected from the group GM2 consisting of Zr and Hf, at least one element selected from the group GL2, Si, and O; and (IV) an oxide-based material layer containing at least one element selected from the group GM2, at least one element selected from the group GL2, Cr, and O. This oxide-based material layer can be used, for example, as a dielectric layer.

Abstract: A write-once information recording medium having a high recording sensitivity and reliability with respect to long-term storage is provided. The information recording medium has a recording layer on a substrate, to which information can be recorded and from which information can be reproduced by irradiating the recording layer with laser light or applying electrical energy to the recording layer. The recording layer contains, as its primary components, TeO2 and a material A, where the material A is a material that exhibits a eutectic reaction with TeO2.

Abstract: The information recording medium of the present invention comprises at least one of the following oxide-based material layers: (I) an oxide-based material layer containing Zr, at least one element selected from the group GL1 consisting of La, Ga and In, and oxygen (O); (II) an oxide-based material layer containing M1 (where M1 is a mixture of Zr and Hf, or Ht), at least one element selected from the group GL2 consisting of La, Ce, Al, Ga, In, Mg and Y, and O; (III) an oxide-based material layer containing at least one element selected from the group GM2 consisting of Zr and Hf, at least one element selected from the group GL2, Si, and O; and (IV) an oxide-based material layer containing at least one element selected from the group GM2, at least one element selected from the group GL2, Cr, and O. This oxide-based material layer can be used, for example, as a dielectric layer.

Abstract: The information recording medium of the present invention is provided with a substrate and an information layer including a recording layer. Rerecording and reproducing of information are performed by irradiating the information layer with a laser beam. The recording layer contains, as its main component, a material composed of Te, O, and M, where M denotes at least one element selected from Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au. In the material, the content of Te atom is 1 to 19 atom %, the content of O atom is 20 to 70 atom % (preferably 40 to 70 atom %), the content of M atom is 11 to 79 atom % (preferably 11 to 59 atom %, and more preferably more than 35 atom %). The material is, for example, is indicated as the region enclosed by A, B, C, and D, preferably by C, D, E, and F, and more preferably by E, F, H, and G, in the composition diagram of a ternary material of Te—O—Pd shown in FIG. 1.