Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a multistage bath condenser-reboiler capable of suppressing a decrease in condensation efficiency and making it compact.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a compact multistage liquid storage-type condenser-evaporator capable of producing two kinds of gases having different compositions without increasing power, and a nitrogen production device using the multistage liquid storage-type condenser-evaporator without increasing the power for producing nitrogen, and the present invention provides a multistage liquid storage-type condenser-evaporator including a bottom liquid storage section which is configured to store the liquid supplied into the bottom evaporation passage without circulating, and a fluid collection section which is configured to collect the fluid which flows out from the bottom evaporation passage and discharge to the outside without returning into the bottom liquid storage section.

Abstract: Provided is a packed column capable of achieving sufficiently high distillation performance even with the height of its gas-liquid contactors reduced. The packed column is a packed column which includes a gas-liquid contactor 17, 18 inside a tubular body 16 and a liquid distributor 19 in the upper most portion and causes descending liquid and ascending gas to contact each other in the gas-liquid contactor. The operation pressure is in the range of 200 to 1500 kPaG. The relative volatility is in the range of 1.9 to 3.1. The gas-liquid contactor is vertically divided into at least two parts. A gas disperser 20 is provided at at least one position between a lower one of the gas-liquid contactors and an upper one of the gas-liquid contactors, the gas disperser uniformly dispersing the composition of the ascending gas rising from the lower gas-liquid contactor toward the upper gas-liquid contactor.

Abstract: A multistage bath condenser-reboiler according to the present invention includes: a heat exchanger core composed of (i) a heat exchange section formed by adjacently stacking condensation passages and evaporation passages, and (ii) a liquid communication section formed from liquid communication passages provided on at least one side surface in the stacking height direction of the heat exchange section; and one or more stages of liquid reservoir sections formed on at least one side surface in the width direction of the heat exchanger core.

Abstract: Provided is a packed column capable of achieving sufficiently high distillation performance even with the height of its gas-liquid contactors reduced. The packed column is a packed column which includes a gas-liquid contactor 17, 18 inside a tubular body 16 and a liquid distributor 19 in the upper most portion and causes descending liquid and ascending gas to contact each other in the gas-liquid contactor. The operation pressure is in the range of 200 to 1500 kPaG. The relative volatility is in the range of 1.9 to 3.1. The gas-liquid contactor is vertically divided into at least two parts. A gas disperser 20 is provided at at least one position between a lower one of the gas-liquid contactors and an upper one of the gas-liquid contactors, the gas disperser uniformly dispersing the composition of the ascending gas rising from the lower gas-liquid contactor toward the upper gas-liquid contactor.

Abstract: A multistage bath condenser-reboiler according to the present invention includes: a heat exchanger core composed of (i) a heat exchange section formed by adjacently stacking condensation passages and evaporation passages, and (ii) a liquid communication section formed from liquid communication passages provided on at least one side surface in the stacking height direction of the heat exchange section; and one or more stages of liquid reservoir sections formed on at least one side surface in the width direction of the heat exchanger core.

Abstract: By using a dephlegmator which conducts distillation concurrently with heat exchange within at least one distillation column, or a portion of one distillation column, of a distillation cascade, the quantity of liquid holdup within the distillation apparatus is reduced and the start-up time is shortened. Consequently, the operational costs associated with startup are reduced, and productivity is improved markedly.

Abstract: By using a dephlegmator which conducts distillation concurrently with heat exchange within at least one distillation column, or a portion of one distillation column, of a distillation cascade, the quantity of liquid holdup within the distillation apparatus is reduced and the start-up time is shortened. Consequently, the operational costs associated with startup are reduced, and productivity is improved markedly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enrichment of heavy oxygen isotopes is provided wherein an oxygen starting material which contains heavy oxygen isotopes is enriched in at least one of oxygen molecule 16O17O, 16O18O, 17O17O, 17O18O and 18O18O, by means of cryogenic distillation of the oxygen starting material containing heavy oxygen isotopes. In addition, a method and apparatus are provided for further increasing the concentration of at least one of the heavy isotope oxygen molecules by means of conducting isotope scrambling on the above-mentioned plurality of oxygen molecules enriched by means of the above mentioned cryogenic distillation.