Abstract: A system includes a user terminal and a plurality of ledger nodes. The user terminal is used by an author of an item. The plurality of ledger nodes provides an electronic bulletin board. The user terminal writes an ownership right certificate including an object fingerprint of the item and biometric information of the author who is a resale royalty holder on the electronic bulletin board when the author establishes a resale royalty right on the item.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a first rotary member, a second rotary member a retaining portion, and a regulating portion. An end portion of the first rotary member abuts against the regulating portion and the regulating portion regulates movement of the first rotary member to the sheet width direction. The regulating portion comprises a curved surface shape having a radius of curvature of 10 mm or greater and 500 mm or smaller and protruding toward the first rotary member. An apex portion of the curved surface shape is, when viewed in the sheet width direction, positioned in an area outside of the retaining portion and on a side of the first rotary member from a tangent of the first rotary member at the nip portion. The apex portion is positioned in an area upstream in the sheet conveyance direction of a straight line that is orthogonal to the tangent.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a first rotary member, a second rotary member a retaining portion, and a regulating portion. An end portion of the first rotary member abuts against the regulating portion and the regulating portion regulates movement of the first rotary member to the sheet width direction. The regulating portion comprises a curved surface shape having a radius of curvature of 10 mm or greater and 500 mm or smaller and protruding toward the first rotary member. An apex portion of the curved surface shape is, when viewed in the sheet width direction, positioned in an area outside of the retaining portion and on a side of the first rotary member from a tangent of the first rotary member at the nip portion. The apex portion is positioned in an area upstream in the sheet conveyance direction of a straight line that is orthogonal to the tangent.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes: an endless belt for heating a toner image on a sheet in a nip; a driving rotatable member for cooperating with the belt to form the nip and for rotating the belt; a pressing pad for pressing the belt from an inside of the belt toward the driving rotatable member; a heating device for heating the belt; and a controller configured to execute, in a stand-by mode following a warming-up mode, an intermittent heating operation of the heating device for the belt while rotating the belt by the driving rotatable member. The controller is capable of executing, after executing the intermittent heating operation in a first rest period in the stand-by mode, the intermittent heating operation in a second rest period, which is longer than the first rest period.

Abstract: A fixing device includes first and second rollers forming a nip for fixing a toner image on a sheet; a heat absorption roller for absorbing heat from said first roller by contacting said first roller; a moving mechanism for moving said heat absorption roller to and away from said first roller; a counter for counting a number of continuously executed fixing process operations without said heat absorption roller contacting said first roller; a controller for determining, based on an output of said counter, whether to carry out an operation of a mode in which said heat absorption roller is contacted to said first roller by said moving mechanism and is rotated for a predetermined period, during non-fixing process period.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an endless belt for heating a toner image on a sheet in a nip; a driving rotatable member for cooperating with the belt to form the nip and for rotating the belt; a pressing pad for pressing the belt from an inside of the belt toward the driving rotatable member; a heating device for heating the belt; and a controller configured to execute, in a stand-by mode following a warming-up mode, intermittent heating operation of the heating device for the belt while rotating the belt by the driving rotatable member, wherein the controller is capable of executing, after executing the intermittent heating operation in a first rest period in the stand-by mode, the intermittent heating operation by a second rest period which is longer than the first rest period.

Abstract: An endless fixing belt includes a heat generation layer configured to generate heat by energization, a rubber layer provided on the heat generation layer, a fluorine resin layer provided on the rubber layer, a first electroconductive layer provided at one longitudinal end portion of the fixing belt, and a second electroconductive layer provided at the other longitudinal end portion and configured to form an energizing path cooperatively with the first electroconductive layer through the heat generation layer. The fluorine resin layer extends to cover a part of the first electroconductive layer and a part of the second electroconductive layer.

Abstract: A fixing device includes first and second rollers forming a nip for fixing a toner image on a sheet; a heat absorption roller for absorbing heat from said first roller by contacting said first roller; a moving mechanism for moving said heat absorption roller to and away from said first roller; a counter for counting a number of continuously executed fixing process operations without said heat absorption roller contacting said first roller; a controller for determining, based on an output of said counter, whether to carry out an operation of a mode in which said heat absorption roller is contacted to said first roller by said moving mechanism and is rotated for a predetermined period, during non-fixing process period.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an image heater for heating an image on a recording material. The apparatus also includes a first temperature detecting member that detects a temperature of the image heating member, with the first temperature detecting member provided in a sheet processing region for a recording material of a minimum size. A controller is also provided for controlling electric power supply to the image heater on the basis of an output of the first temperature detecting member. Further provided is a second temperature detecting member is that is capable of detecting a temperature of the image heating member when the image heating member is contacted or is not contacted with a belt. A controller is also provided for controlling the image heating operation on the basis of the temperature of the image heating member.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes: a coil for generating magnetic flux; a heat generating member; a nip forming member; a power source; a temperature sensor; a controller for controlling the power source based on a detection result of the temperature sensor; an executing portion for executing an operation in a higher speed fixing mode using a thinner recording material and an operation in a lower speed fixing mode using a thicker recording material; and a prohibiting portion for prohibiting the electric power, supplied from the power source to the coil by the controller, from exceeding a limiter value. The limiter value in the lower speed fixing mode is executed is set so as to be higher than that in the higher speed fixing mode.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a coil for generating magnetic flux; a rotatable heater, having an electroconductive layer which generates heat by the magnetic flux, for heating an image on a recording material, the heater being disposed inside the coil; a magnetic member; a detector, disposed in an area between the magnetic member and an area of the heater opposing the coil, for detecting a temperature of the heater; an electric wire electrically connected to the detector; and an interruptor, for interrupting electric power supply to the coil on the basis of an output of the detector supplied through the electric wire. The magnetic member includes an opening through which the wire passes.

Abstract: A rotatable image heating member for pressing against a pressure to form a nip for heating an image on a recording material; a heat generation layer for generating heat by electric power supply thereto, the heat generation layer being disposed at a position inside an end of the nip with respect to a rotational axis direction of the image heating member; an electric energy supply layer for electric energy supplying to the heat generation layer, the electric energy supply layer being provided at an end of the heat generation layer and electrically connected with the heat generation layer; an elastic layer provided outside the heat generation layer at a position inside an end of the nip with respect to the rotational axis direction; a surface layer provided outside the elastic layer and extending to an outside of the end of the nip so as to cover a part of the electric energy supply layer.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a coil for generating magnetic flux; a rotatable heat generating member, having an electroconductive layer which generates heat by the magnetic flux, for heating an image on a recording material, wherein the coil has a length longer than that of the heat generating member with respect to a rotational axis direction of the heat generating member; and a magnetic member, provided oppositely to the coil at an end position of the heat generating member, having AC magnetic permeability of 1000 or more at 100 kHz.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an image heater for heating an image on a recording material. The apparatus also includes a first temperature detecting member that detects a temperature of the image heating member, with the first temperature detecting member provided in a sheet processing region for a recording material of a minimum size. A controller is also provided for controlling electric power supply to the image heater on the basis of an output of the first temperature detecting member. Further provided is a second temperature detecting member is that is capable of detecting a temperature of the image heating member when the image heating member is contacted or is not contacted with a belt. A controller is also provided for controlling the image heating operation on the basis of the temperature of the image heating member.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a coil for generating magnetic flux; a rotatable heat generating member, having an electroconductive layer which generates heat by the magnetic flux, for heating an image on a recording material, wherein the coil has a length longer than that of the heat generating member with respect to a rotational axis direction of the heat generating member; and a magnetic member, provided oppositely to the coil at an end position of the heat generating member, having AC magnetic permeability of 1000 or more at 100 kHz.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a coil for generating magnetic flux; a rotatable heat generating member, having an electroconductive layer which generates heat by the magnetic flux, for heating an image on a recording material, the heating member being disposed inside the coil; a magnetic core disposed inside the heat generating member; a temperature detecting member, disposed in an area sandwiched between the magnetic core and an area of the heat generating member opposing the coil, for detecting a temperature of the heat generating member; an electric wire electrically connected to the temperature detecting member; and an interrupting portion, provided outside the image heating member, for interrupting electric power supply to said coil on the basis of an output of said temperature detecting member supplied through said electric wire. The magnetic core partly lacks to provide a core lacking portion in an area opposing the coil through the heat generating member.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a first belt contactable to an image on a recording material to heat the image; a second belt for forming a nip with the first belt; a first pressing pad for pressing the first belt in the nip; a second pressing pad for pressing the second belt toward the first pressing pad, wherein the first pressing pad has a surface roughness Rz of not more than 20 ?m, and the second pressing pad has a surface roughness Rz of 50-300 ?m.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a rotatable heating member configured to heat an image on a recording medium at a nip, driving means configured to drive the heating member, an endless belt configured to form the nip with the heating member, and a driving roller configured to drive the endless belt. In the image heating apparatus, the following expressions are satisfied: ?2<?1 0.005<?2<0.3 V1<V2 where ?2 is a friction coefficient between the endless belt and the driving roller, ?1 is a friction coefficient between the heating member and the endless belt, V1 is a peripheral speed of the heating member, and V2 is a peripheral speed of the driving roller.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a rotatable heating member configured to heat an image on a recording medium at a nip, driving means configured to drive the heating member, an endless belt configured to form the nip with the heating member, and a driving roller configured to drive the endless belt. In the image heating apparatus, the following expressions are satisfied: ?2<?1 0.005<?2<0.3 V1<V2 where ?2 is a friction coefficient between the endless belt and the driving roller, ?1 is a friction coefficient between the heating member and the endless belt, V1 is a peripheral speed of the heating member, and V2 is a peripheral speed of the driving roller.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a first belt contactable to an image on a recording material to heat the image; a second belt for forming a nip with the first belt; a first pressing pad for pressing the first belt in the nip; a second pressing pad for pressing the second belt toward the first pressing pad, wherein the first pressing pad has a surface roughness Rz of not more than 20 ?m, and the second pressing pad has a surface roughness Rz of 50-300 ?m.