Abstract: This invention relates to an agent for the protection of retinal neurons which comprises, as an effective ingredient, sulfamate derivative having the following formula: and to a method for the protection of retinal neurons by using said sulfamate derivative.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a novel pharmacological effect of a compound having a PI3 kinase inhibitory action was found. Study on a novel pharmacological effect of the compound having a PI3 kinase inhibitory action revealed that the compound has an action of reducing intraocular pressure. Therefore, it is found that the compound having a PI3 kinase inhibitory action is useful as a therapeutic agent for glaucoma.

Abstract: A novel pharmacological effect of an &agr;1 receptor blocker is found out. As the results of studies on the novel pharmacological effect of the &agr;1 receptor blocker, it is clarified that this blocker has an effect of protecting optic nerve. Thus, the &agr;1 receptor blocker is expected as being useful in optic nerve protecting agents to be used in treating retinal disease typified by normal tension glaucoma, retinal blood vessel occlusion, diabetic retinophathy ischemic optic neuropathy, macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and Leber's disease.

Abstract: This invention relates to an agent for the protection of retinal neurons which comprises, as an effective ingredient, sulfamate derivative having the following formula: 1

Abstract: The present invention provides therapeutic agents for ophthalmopathy such as glaucoma or retinal diseases. Compounds having inhibitory activities of interleukin-1 such as intrinsic interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein and an interleukin-1 neutralizing antibody have remarkable effects of inhibiting a decrease in cell number of a retinal ganglion cell layer, effects of inhibiting thinning of an inner plexiform layer and effects of lowering intraocular pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds represented by the formula [I] and salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.5 each represents carboxyl, phosphonic or a derivative thereof; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, (substituted) phenyl lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or (substituted) phenyl lower alkoxy; R.sup.3 represents lower alkyl or (substituted) phenyl lower alkyl; and R.sup.4 represents a group represented by the formula [XI], [XII] or [XIII]. The compounds of the present invention have endopeptidase 24.11 inhibitory activity and are useful for treating cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and hypertension, renal diseases such as renal failure, gastroenteric disorders such as diarrhea and hyperchlorhydria, endocrine and metabolic diseases such as obesity, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatic disease, and for mitigating myosalgia, migraine, etc.

Abstract: The present invention related to compounds represented by the following formula (I) and salts thereof, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 each represents a carboxyl or a carboxyl which is converted into an ester, an amide or hydroxamic acid; R.sup.2 represents a lower alkyl or a phenyl-lower alkyl; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl, an amino-lower alkyl, a lower alkylamino-lower alkyl, a hydroxy-lower alkyl, a mercapto-lower alkyl, a carboxy-lower alkyl, a lower alkoxycarbonyl-lower alkyl, an imidazolyl-lower alkyl, an indolyl-lower alkyl, a (substituted) phenyl group, a (substituted) phenyl-lower alkyl group, a (substituted) naphthyl group, or a (substituted) naphtyl-lower group. The compounds of the present invention have inhibitory effects on endopeptidase 24.