Abstract: To provide a method for producing a 3-substituted 2-chloro-5-fluoro-pyridine or its salt in high yield from a readily available material through a short process under mild reaction conditions using a reagent which is easy for handling and simple in the reaction operation. Namely, a method for producing the following compound (2) or its salt which comprises selectively reducing a chlorine atom at the 6-position of the following compound (1) or its salt, is provided. Further, a method for producing the following compound (4) or its salt which comprises substituting a Z1 group of the following compound (2) or its salt obtained by the reduction reaction, by a Z2 group, is provided. Here, Z1 is —CO2R1, etc., and R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or a cycloalkyl group. Z2 is a group different from Z1 and is —CO2R5, etc., and R5 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing a (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate in high yield and efficiently. A compound (2) is reacted with a base in the presence of an aprotic solvent and then with (1E)-1,3-dichloro-1-propene in the same reaction vessel to obtain a compound (3), and then either of —COOR moieties in the compound (3) is replaced with a hydrogen atom in the same reaction vessel to obtain a compound (4): wherein R is a lower alkyl group or an aralkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for producing a (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate and an optical isomer of the (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate, namely a process for producing a (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate represented by the following formula (4), which comprises reacting a compound represented by the following formula (2) in the presence of an aprotic solvent (II) with a base (II) and then with (1E)-1,3-dichloro-1-propene to give a compound represented by the following formula (3), and dealkoxycarbonylating either ester in the compound represented by the following formula (3), and a process for producing a (S)-(4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate represented by the following formula (5), which comprises optically resolving a (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate represented by the formula (4) obtained by the above-mentioned process (wherein R is a lower alkyl group or an aralkyl group).

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a 3-substituted 2-chloro-5-fluoro-pyridine or its salt in high yield from a readily available material through a short process under mild reaction conditions using a reagent which is easy for handling and simple in the reaction operation. Namely, a method for producing the following compound (2) or its salt which comprises selectively reducing a chlorine atom at the 6-position of the following compound (1) or its salt, is provided. Further, a method for producing the following compound (4) or its salt which comprises substituting a Z1 group of the following compound (2) or its salt obtained by the reduction reaction, by a Z2 group, is provided. Here, Z1 is —CO2R1, etc., and R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or a cycloalkyl group. Z2 is a group different from Z1 and is —CO2R5, etc., and R5 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for producing a (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate and an optical isomer of the (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate, namely a process for producing a (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate represented by the following formula (4), which comprises reacting a compound represented by the following formula (2) in the presence of an aprotic solvent (II) with a base (II) and then with (1E)-1,3-dichloro-1-propene to give a compound represented by the following formula (3), and dealkoxycarbonylating either ester in the compound represented by the following formula (3), and a process for producing a (S)-(4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate represented by the following formula (5), which comprises optically resolving a (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate represented by the formula (4) obtained by the above-mentioned process (wherein R is a lower alkyl group or an aralkyl group).

Abstract: A process for producing a piperidinecarbinol represented by the general formula (2), which comprises reducing the trans isomer of a compound represented by the general formula (1): wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or an aralkyl group, R2 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, and X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, a dialkylamino group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group or CmF2m+1— wherein m is an integer of from 1 to 20.

Abstract: A process for producing a piperidinecarbinol represented by the general formula (2), which comprises reducing the trans isomer of a compound represented by the general formula (1): wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or an aralkyl group, R2 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, and X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, a dialkylamino group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group or CmF2m+1— wherein m is an integer of from 1 to 20.

Abstract: A process for producing a piperidinecarbinol represented by the general formula (2), which comprises reducing the trans isomer of a compound represented by the general formula (1): wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or an aralkyl group, R2 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, and X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, a dialkylamino group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group or CmF2m+1— wherein m is an integer of from 1 to 20.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing prostaglandin derivative of the formula (1) (or a salt thereof) and a medicine containing it, particularly, a preventive or therapeutic medicine for an eye disease: ##STR1## wherein A is a vinylene group or the like, R.sup.1 is an aryloxyalkyl group or the like, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen atoms or the like, and Z is OR.sup.4 (wherein OR.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group) or the like.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing prostaglandin derivative of the formula (1) (or a salt thereof) and a medicine containing it, particularly, a preventive or therapeutic medicine for an eye disease: ##STR1## wherein A is a vinylene group or the like, R.sup.1 is an aryloxyalkyl group or the like, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen atoms or the like, and Z is OR.sup.4 (wherein OR.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group) or the like.