Abstract: A temperature measuring sensor is incorporated in a substrate of a semiconductor device and has a diode, and resistor formed in the substrate and connected in series. When a first forward constant current is supplied to the diode through the resistor, a potential difference VA1 is produced between terminal ends of both the diode and the resistor, and a potential difference VF1 is produced between terminal ends of the diode. When a second forward constant current is supplied to the diode through the resistor, a potential difference VA2 is produced between the terminal ends of both the diode and the resistor, and a potential difference VF2 is produced between the terminal ends of the diode. A real temperature T of the substrate is calculated by the following formula: T=(q/k)(VF1?VF2)[1/[ln((VA1?VF1)/(VA2?VF2))]] herein: T is an absolute temperature, k is Boltzmann's constant, and q is an electron charge.

Abstract: A temperature measuring sensor is incorporated in a substrate of a semiconductor device to measure a temperature of the substrate. The sensor has a diode formed in the substrate, and a resistor formed in the substrate and connected to the diode in series. When a first forward constant current is supplied to the diode through the resistor, a potential difference VA1 is produced between terminal ends of both the diode and the resistor connected in series, and a potential difference VF1 is produced between terminal ends of the diode. When a second forward constant current is supplied to the diode through the resistor, a potential difference VA2 is produced between the terminal ends of both the diode and the resistor connected in series, and a potential difference VF2 is produced between the terminal ends of the diode.

Abstract: A compact case designed with a technique of enabling a cosmetic material to be discharged always smoothly while maintaining the desired performance of sealing the cosmetic material to prevent the same from hardening. A flat plate is disposed movably in a case body, and a sealed sack to be filled with the cosmetic material is disposed under this flat plate. A pump capable of being driven by the flat plate to discharge the cosmetic material is provided in the sealed sack. The pump has a discharge hole formed in the flat plate. A cover is stretched over the upper surface of the flat plate to cover the discharge hole. A slit is formed in the cover so as to communicate with the discharge hole.