Abstract: A display apparatus using a light-transmitting ceramic having an electrooptic effect. A voltage application head has at least a pair of electrodes which contact the light-transmitting ceramic. The head is driven by a head driver so as to scan across a surface of the light-transmitting ceramic. Electrodes may be formed also on the surface of the light-transmitting ceramic. A bright and dark pattern caused by double refraction in the light-transmitting ceramic is seen through a polarizing plate.

Abstract: A display apparatus using a light-transmitting ceramic plate having an electrooptic effect known as Kerr effect is disclosed. The ceramic plate is placed between two parallel polarizers having a same axis of polarization. A transparent flexible sheet faces a surface of the ceramic plate. The flexible sheet has a plurality of transparent striped electrodes on a surface facing the surface of the ceramic plate. The striped electrodes are locally brought into contact with the surface of the ceramic plate by a pressure applied by a pressure application head which is either always or intermittently pressed onto the flexible sheet. The pressure application head is movable in a direction parallel to the striped electrodes for scanning.

Abstract: An electrooptic shutter array element has a light transmissive substrate, a pair of electrodes having a plurality of opposed terminal portions formed on the substrate, a light shading mask provided with a plurality of windows corresponding to the opposed pairs of terminal portions of the electrodes, and a pair of polarizing plates provided in front and behind the substrate. The terminal portions and windows are properly arranged to distribute an electric field within each of the window areas so that the transmittance of the shutter array element is substantially constant regardless of a temperature change.

Abstract: An optoelectronic shutter array element useful as a writing head for an optical printer and using a transparent ceramic substrate having an electrooptical effect, which element reduces abrupt change in the electric field strength so as to improve the stability of the permeability of the optoelectronic shutter, the element being provided on the main surface of the transparent ceramic substrate with grooves having therein the electrodes with the electrodes covering the bottom and side wall surfaces of the grooves and the main surface of the substrate in the vicinity of the grooves.