Abstract: An engine control apparatus is configured to perform engine automatic stop to automatically stop an engine when predetermined engine stop conditions are satisfied and automatically restart the engine when predetermined engine restart conditions are satisfied. The stop conditions including that a vehicle speed decreases below a predetermined stop permission speed. The engine control apparatus includes a variation amount detection means for detecting a variation amount of a brake operation being performed by the vehicle driver during a deceleration period from when the vehicle has started to decelerate to when the vehicle speed has decreased below the stop permission speed, and a stop determination means for determining whether the engine automatic stop should be performed when the engine stop conditions are satisfied based on the variation amount detected by the variation amount detection means.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling a starter used to start an engine mounted on a vehicle, the starter generating a torque and having a first gear mechanically engaged with a second gear of the engine to start the engine. The control apparatus includes a trigger circuit adapted to output a trigger signal in response to a start request; a detection circuit adapted to detect an electrical state and a mechanical state of the starter while the starter is powered on; and a controller adapted to control power on and off of the starter. The controller powers on the starter in response to the trigger signal outputted by the trigger circuit, and powers off the starter when the controller detects that a predetermined condition is satisfied based on the state of the starter.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus capable of performing engine automatic stop includes an engine automatic stop inhibition means configured to inhibit the engine automatic stop after engine restart conditions are satisfied and the engine is restarted until a vehicle speed exceeds a predetermined speed, a brake operation detection means configured to detect a presence of increase of the amount of a brake operation in a state of the brake operation being performed after the vehicle has been stopped, and an engine stop control means configured to release inhibition of the engine automatic stop to allow the engine to be automatically stopped, if the brake operation detection means detects presence of increase of the amount of the brake operation while the engine automatic stop is inhibited by the engine automatic stop inhibition means.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus is configured to perform engine automatic stop to automatically stop an engine when predetermined engine stop conditions are satisfied and automatically restart the engine when predetermined engine restart conditions are satisfied. The stop conditions including that a vehicle speed decreases below a predetermined stop permission speed. The engine control apparatus includes a variation amount detection means for detecting a variation amount of a brake operation being performed by the vehicle driver during a deceleration period from when the vehicle has started to decelerate to when the vehicle speed has decreased below the stop permission speed, and a stop determination means for determining whether the engine automatic stop should be performed when the engine stop conditions are satisfied based on the variation amount detected by the variation amount detection means.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus capable of performing engine automatic stop includes an engine automatic stop inhibition means configured to inhibit the engine automatic stop after engine restart conditions are satisfied and the engine is restarted until a vehicle speed exceeds a predetermined speed, a brake operation detection means configured to detect a presence of increase of the amount of a brake operation in a state of the brake operation being performed after the vehicle has been stopped, and an engine stop control means configured to release inhibition of the engine automatic stop to allow the engine to be automatically stopped, if the brake operation detection means detects presence of increase of the amount of the brake operation while the engine automatic stop is inhibited by the engine automatic stop inhibition means.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling a starter used to start an engine mounted on a vehicle, the starter generating a torque and having a first gear mechanically engaged with a second gear of the engine to start the engine. The control apparatus includes a trigger circuit adapted to output a trigger signal in response to a start request; a detection circuit adapted to detect an electrical state and a mechanical state of the starter while the starter is powered on; and a controller adapted to control power on and off of the starter. The controller powers on the starter in response to the trigger signal outputted by the trigger circuit, and powers off the starter when the controller detects that a predetermined condition is satisfied based on the state of the starter.

Abstract: There is proposed a tool with a tool body and a wear resistant layer system, which layer system comprises at least one layer of MeX. Me comprises titanium and aluminum and X is nitrogen or carbon. The tool has a tool body of high speed steel (HSS) or of cemented carbide, but it is not a solid carbide end mill and not a solid carbide ball nose mill. In the MeX layer the quotient QI as defined by the ratio of the diffraction intensity I(200) to I(111) assigned respectively to the (200) and (111) plains in the X ray diffraction of the material using ?-2? method is selected to be ?1. Further, the I(200) is at least twenty times larger than the intensity average noise value, both measured with a well-defined equipment and setting thereof.

Abstract: A tool coated with a hard Ti/B layer having fine boron nitride particles dispersed therein, wherein the bonding energy of B and N is observed in an ESCA analysis of the hard coating layer; wherein peaks of c-BN and h-BN is detected in an Raman spectroscopy of the hard coating layer; wherein a ratio Q1/Q2 of a peak intensity Q1 of c-BN to a peak intensity Q2 of h-BN is 1.0 or more; wherein a half-value width Z of a (200) face in an X-ray diffraction of the hard coating layer is in a range of 0.3° to 0.6°; and wherein a ratio K/L of a face thickness K to a flank thickness L in the tool is 1.0 or more, whereby the hard coating layer has high hardness, high lubricating properties and excellent crater wear resistance, with chemical reactions with a work suppressed.

Abstract: A tool coated with a hard Ti/B layer having fine boron nitride particles dispersed therein, wherein the bonding energy of B and N is observed in an ESCA analysis of the hard coating layer; wherein peaks of c-BN and h-BN is detected in an Raman spectroscopy of the hard coating layer; wherein a ratio Q1/Q2 of a peak intensity Q1 of c-BN to a peak intensity Q2 of h-BN is 1.0 or more; wherein a half-value width Z of a (200) face in an X-ray diffraction of the hard coating layer is in a range of 0.3° to 0.6°; and wherein a ratio K/L of a face thickness K to a flank thickness L in the tool is 1.0 or more, whereby the hard coating layer has high hardness, high lubricating properties and excellent crater wear resistance, with chemical reactions with a work suppressed.

Abstract: A multilayer-coated cutting tool comprising a cutting tool substrate, and a multilayer coating film comprising a first hard coating film formed on the substrate and a second hard coating film formed on the first hard coating film, the first hard coating film comprising one or more metallic elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Al and Cr, and one or more non-metallic elements selected from the group consisting of N, B, C and O; and the second hard coating film comprising Si and one or more metallic elements selected from the group consisting of metallic elements of Groups 4a, 5a and 6a of the Periodic Table and Al, and one or more non-metallic elements selected from the group consisting of N, B, C and O; the second hard coating film being a composition-segregated polycrystalline film comprising a phase having a relatively high Si concentration and a phase having a relatively low Si concentration.

Abstract: So as to provide a wear-resistant workpiece, and especially a wear-resistant cutting tool, capable of realising stable cutting with a long life span thereof during high-efficiency cutting, there is provided between a wear-resistant layer system with at least one hard material layer of a compound containing titanium and aluminum and the surface of the base body of a hard metal or of a steel an intermediate layer of a material selected from the group of nitride, carbonitride, nitroboride, carbonitroboride of chromium, tantalum, zirconium or titanium.

Abstract: There is proposed a tool with a tool body and a wear resistant layer system, which layer system comprises at least one layer of MeX. Me comprises titanium and aluminum and X is nitrogen or S carbon. The tool has a tool body of high speed steel (HSS) or of cemented carbide, but it is not a solid carbide end mill and not a solid carbide ball nose mill. in the MeX layer the quotient QI as defined by the ratio of the diffraction intensity I(200) to 1(111) assigned respectively to the (200) and (111) plains in the X ray cdffraction of the material using &thgr;-2&thgr; method is selected to be ≧1. Further, the I(200) is at least twenty times larger than the intensity average noise value, both measured with a well-defined equipment and setting thereof.

Abstract: A common rail fuel injection system for controlling the opening area of the fuel metering valve inserted in the fuel supply passage for supplying the fuel to the fuel injection pump to control, to a target pressure, fuel pressure in the common rail which holds the fuel delivered from the fuel injection pump. In the steady-state operation, the solenoid current is controlled by duty control at control frequency preset with an importance placed on the control stability. After determining the transient of control from the amount of change in the target common rail pressure which is a target of control, the control frequency is changed to a lower low frequency for a specific time until the common rail pressure reaches the target pressure. As a result, the valve body moves fast, thereby gaining a high control response despite of unsteady behavior of the valve body of the metering valve.

Abstract: A multilayer-coated cutting tool comprising a cutting tool substrate, and a multilayer coating film comprising a first hard coating film formed on the substrate and a second hard coating film formed on the first hard coating film, the first hard coating film comprising one or more metallic elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Al and Cr, and one or more non-metallic elements selected from the group consisting of N, B, C and O; and the second hard coating film comprising Si and one or more metallic elements selected from the group consisting of metallic elements of Groups 4a, 5a and 6a of the Periodic Table and Al, and one or more non-metallic elements selected from the group consisting of N, B, C and O; the second hard coating film being a composition-segregated polycrystalline film comprising a phase having a relatively high Si concentration and a phase having a relatively low Si concentration.

Abstract: An ECU calculates a command injection amount based on a driving condition, and calculates an injection timing based on a detected fuel pressure. Further, the ECU calculates a provisional injection period, and calculates again an injection period based on the injection timing fuel pressure and the command injection amount when the injection timing fuel pressure is correctly detected.

Abstract: An aluminum oxde-coated article has a first coating layer and a second coating layer formed in this order on a substrate, the first coating layer having a single- or multi-layer structure and being made of at least one selected from the group consisting of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides and oxycarbonitrides of metals in Groups IVa, Va and VIa of the Periodic Table, and the second coating layer being constituted by at least one &agr;-aluminum oxide-based oxide layer, which has an equivalent X-ray diffraction peak ratio PR (1 0 10) of 1.3 or more in a (1 0 10) plane.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided which is designed to control a fuel discharge from a fuel injection pump by regulating the quantity of fuel sucked into the fuel injection pump. The fuel injection pump is driven in synchronism with rotation of the engine to pressurize and supply the fuel to an accumulator chamber from which the fuel is injected into cylinders of the engine. The solenoid valve moves a valve member linearly to open and close a fluid path leading to the fuel injection pump. The controller actuates the solenoid valve in one of a first control mode when the engine speed is low and a second control mode when the engine speed is high. In the first control mode, a valve on-duration in which the solenoid valve is turned on to open the fluid path through the valve member and an area of the fluid path opened by the valve member are both controlled. In the second control mode, only the opened area of the fluid path is controlled.

Abstract: There is proposed a tool with a tool body and a wear resistant layer system, which layer system comprises at least one layer of MeX. Me comprises titanium and aluminum and X is nitrogen or carbon. The tool is a solid carbide end mill, a solid carbide ball nose mill or a cemented carbide gear cutting tool. Thereby, in the MeX layer the quotient QI as defined by the ratio of the diffraction intensity I(200) to I(111) assigned respectively to the (200) and (111) plains in the X ray diffraction of the material using the &thgr;-2&thgr; method is selected to be ≦2. Further, the I(111) is at least twenty times larger than the intensity average noise value, both measured with a well-defined equipment and setting thereof.

Abstract: A tool has a tool body and a wear resistant layer system, which layer system has at least one layer of MeX. Me comprises titanium and aluminum and X is nitrogen or carbon. The tool has a tool body of high speed steel (HSS) or of cemented carbide, but it is not a solid carbide end mill and not a solid carbide ball nose mill. In the MeX layer, the quotient Q.sub.I as defined by the ratio of the diffraction intensity I(200) to I(111) assigned respectively to the (200) and (111) plains in the X ray diffraction of the material using .theta.-2.theta. method is selected to be .gtoreq.1. Further, the I(200) is at least twenty times larger than the intensity average noise value, both measured with a well-defined equipment and setting thereof.

Abstract: In a system in which a common rail accumulates fuel pressurized by a high pressure supply pump, when a pipe connected to the common rail is damaged or a pulsation of fuel injection is caused in the system, reliability of the system is greatly affected because of high pressure. According to the present invention, a mechanism to prevent leakage of fuel from the common rail even when the pipe is damaged, or a mechanism to damp a pulsation of fuel pressure, is provided in a pipe close to the common rail. Therefore, reliability of the system is improved.