Abstract: The filter 1 of the present invention has at least two filter elements 2 contained in the casing 4, which are connected in series in such a state as interposing the first sealer 5 between them.

Abstract: A flush mixing tank is provided with a flocculant mixing section in which a raw water a to be treated is introduced and a flocculant such as known aluminum sulfate or polychlorinated aluminum is injected, and then they are agitated and mixed; and a floc growing section through which flocculant injected water mixed with the flocculant passes, and the flocculant injected water is discharged as a floc treated water, but a water passing member, which is provided with a plurality of water through-holes for promoting the growth of the flocs in the flocculant injected water, is disposed in the floc growing section. Flocs of flocculant injected water can be rapidly formed, and growth of the flocs can be accelerated.

Abstract: When a raw water to be filtered c is fed from a raw water tank 11 reservoiring a raw water (water to be treated) to a membrane module by a raw water pump P1, an activated carbon raw material supplied from an activated carbon tank is milled together with water to be mixed by a wet milling device, and added and mixed into the raw water tank as an aqueous suspension containing activated carbon fine particles having an average particle size of 0.1 ?m to 10 ?m, thus producing the raw water to be filtered (activated carbon-containing water to be treated). The raw water to be filtered (activated carbon-containing water to be treated) is filtered by the membrane module at a subsequent step, thereby obtaining a purified water.

Abstract: A backwashing method incorporating a membrane filtration apparatus in which a ceramic filtration membrane including a substrate layer having a large number of filtration pores and a separating layer having filtration pores smaller than those of the substrate layer is accommodated in a casing. Air controlled to a pressure p1 is supplied to the secondary side of the filtration membrane to drain the filtrated water in the membrane filtration apparatus gradually toward the primary side. After that, air pressure is increased to p3 to push the water in the filtration membrane toward the primary side together with the air, thereby peeling off any fouling substances. Unlike in conventional cases, a large amount of backwashing drain water is at no time drained at any one time, and thus, without reducing the effectiveness of backwashing, a backwashing drain pipe can be designed to have a small diameter.

Abstract: The filter 1 of the present invention has at least two filter elements 2 contained in the casing 4, which are connected in series in such a state as interposing the first sealer 5 between them.

Abstract: A filtering method including the steps of preparing a water purifying apparatus 1 with a cell structure 2 having units for constituting cell structure 4, and a cap portion 3, and making raw water flow into cells 10 from one end, and filtered by a partition walls 9 to take out filtrate water from the side of an outer peripheral surface 8. The cell structure 2 is so constructed that the ratio of maximum value to minimum value in water permeability among the partition walls 9 provided therein is within a range from of 110 to 300% in terms of percentage, and the cells 10 located on the side of an outer periphery 7 of the cell structure 2 have a greater water permeability.

Abstract: When a raw water to be filtered c is fed from a raw water tank 11 reservoiring a raw water (water to be treated) to a membrane module by a raw water pump P1, an activated carbon raw material supplied from an activated carbon tank is milled together with water to be mixed by a wet milling device, and added and mixed into the raw water tank as an aqueous suspension containing activated carbon fine particles having an average particle size of 0.1 ?m to 10 ?m, thus producing the raw water to be filtered (activated carbon-containing water to be treated). The raw water to be filtered (activated carbon-containing water to be treated) is filtered by the membrane module at a subsequent step, thereby obtaining a purified water.

Abstract: A filtering method comprising the steps of preparing a water purifying apparatus 1 comprising a cell structure 2 having units for constituting cell structure 4, and a cap portion 3, and making raw water flow into cells 10 from one end, and filtered by a partition walls 9 to take out filtrate water from the side of an outer peripheral surface 8. The cell structure 2 is so constructed that the ratio of maximum value to minimum value in water permeability among the partition walls 9 provided therein is within a range from of 110 to 300% in terms of percentage, and the cells 10 located on the side of an outer periphery 7 of the cell structure 2 show larger water permeability.

Abstract: A flush mixing tank is provided with a flocculant mixing section in which a raw water a to be treated is introduced and a flocculant such as known aluminum sulfate or polychlorinated aluminum is injected, and then they are agitated and mixed; and a floc growing section through which flocculant injected water mixed with the flocculant passes, and the flocculant injected water is discharged as a floc treated water, but a water passing member, which is provided with a plurality of water through-holes for promoting the growth of the flocs in the flocculant injected water, is disposed in the floc growing section. Flocs of flocculant injected water can be rapidly formed, and growth of the flocs can be accelerated.

Abstract: A position determining system, a receiving system, a method of determining the position of a movable object and a method of receiving data regarding the position of the movable object are provided. The position determining system comprise a position determining unit, a display unit and a controller. The position determining unit determines the position of a movable object based on position information sent from GPS satellites. The display unit displays the position of the movable object which has been determined by the position determining unit. The controller controls a time interval at which the position of the movable object is determined by said position determining unit, in accordance with a degree of position change occurring in the position to be displayed on the display unit. Accordingly, in the position determining system, elimination of consumption power can be realized in a position determination process which is not necessarily performed, while the system is advantageously handled.

Abstract: A position display device of this invention specifies a zone including at least two waypoints, and controls symbols expressing at least two waypoints and a symbol expressing a present invention of a movable object which moves to be displayed on a display screen of display means, based on waypoint information and the position of the movable object which are obtained by position obtaining means, such as a GPS, etc. The position obtaining means stores the position of the in advance a plurality of waypoints or a destination point which the movable object is estimated to pass and obtains position information representing the position of the movable object.

Abstract: An operation button comprises a button body swingably attached to a recess of a portable apparatus. The button body has a conical shape and is uniformly urged toward the recess by arm portions of a leaf spring. The button body is kept in a neutral position where a bottom edge of the button body abuts on the bottom of the recess and the button body does not incline. When the operation button is depressed, the button body is swung in a state that the bottom edge thereof is a fulcrum. Upon this, contact points formed on a printed circuit board is short-circuited. The arm portion corresponding to the depressed position urges a button cover in a direction separating from the recess. At the same time, a position of the button body opposite to the depressed position is urged toward the recess by the other arm portion. When the operation button is stopped to be depressed, it is speedily returned to the neutral position owing to synergism of the arm portions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a position data/display control apparatus and method which uses received position data to display data on the present position. A user selects the nearest area to the user's present position, as determined from received position data, from a storage means which stores a plurality of area names and data for measurement of positions in areas corresponding to the area names. Upon selection, the present position data is converted to position data suitable for measurement of the user's present position based on the data for measurement of a position in an area corresponding to the selected area name. The converted position data is then displayed to the user. Advantageously, a user's present position is displayed relative to the geodetic system in the area corresponding to the selected area name.

Abstract: When a switching lever is positioned for horizontal photographing, an exposure frame composed of two switching frames is switched to a horizontal photographing exposure frame. When the switching lever is positioned for vertical photographing, a wheel ring starts rotating about a photographic optical axis, and the switching frames start moving by the operation of elongated holes. When the switching lever is positioned for vertical photographing, the exposure frame composed of two switching frames is switched to a vertical photographing exposure frame.

Abstract: A Brownie camera is loadable with a 120- and 220-type roll photo film. The 120 type includes light-shielding backing paper overlaid on the entirety of the photo filmstrip, unlike the 220 type. An exposure aperture is formed in a camera body, and disposed between a photo film supply chamber and a photo film take-up chamber, for exposing the roll photo film. A pair of rails are disposed along respective two edges of the exposure aperture extending horizontally, and contact sides of an emulsion surface of the roll photo film. A pressure plate contacts a back of the roll photo film to position the roll photo film on a rear of the exposure aperture, and is disposed behind the exposure aperture to define a photo film passageway between the pressure plate and the rails. An external selector wheel is disposed outside the camera body, for selecting one of the 120 and 220 types.

Abstract: A camera for use with a Brownie roll film having a bar code containing data about a roll film, such as a film speed and a roll film type. The bar code is printed on an adhesive tape which secures light-shielding paper to a leading end of a photo filmstrip of the roll film. As soon as the roll film is loaded with its leading end of the light-shielding paper secured to a take-up spool of the camera, the camera starts rotating the take-up spool and, simultaneously, a reflective photo sensor starts scanning. Based on output signal from the photo sensor and the transport amount of the filmstrip, a first frame exposure portion of the filmstrip is automatically positioned behind an exposure aperture. The number ofavailable exposures is derived from the roll film type data read from the bar code, and is displayed on an LCD panel. An automatic exposure control is effected while taking the film speed read from the bar code into consideration.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a camera having a film wind spool with an insertion slot for receiving a film leader, a counter roller at a film supply side of the film wind spool, and a film winding device having a plate-shaped guide member between the film wind spool and the counter roller for guiding the film leader from the film supply side to the insertion slot of the film wind spool when the guide member is in a first position. The guide member further includes two end pieces, each of the two end pieces are pivotally connected to a different axial end of the counter roller. A rear cover is provided on the camera that opens to expose the film winding device and has an interior projection. The film winding device further includes a flange protruding from the film winding device in a position corresponding to the interior projection when the rear cover is closed.

Abstract: A camera is used with a Brownie photo film, which has a photo filmstrip on which plural frames are formable serially. A light-shielding leader is disposed on a front end of the photo filmstrip. A light-shielding trailer is disposed on a rear end of the photo filmstrip. The Brownie photo film is wound about a supply spool with the trailer positioned inside and with the leader positioned outside. In the camera, a photo film supply chamber is formed for loading of the Brownie photo film. A photo film take-up chamber has a take-up spool disposed in a rotatable manner, for winding the Brownie photo film from the photo film supply chamber. The take-up spool has a spool core, and an insertion slit for receiving insertion of the leader through the spool core. A drive shaft in the photo film supply chamber rotates the take-up spool, to transport the Brownie photo film to the photo film take-up chamber and wind the Brownie photo film about the take-up spool. A motor rotates the drive shaft.

Abstract: A switch for a camera includes a switch button. While being urged toward a flange section of a switch-button holding member by an urging member, the switch button is held so as to be movable in the pushing direction of the switch button and a direction perpendicular to the pushing direction. When one end of the switch button is pushed, the height to which the other end is raised can be lowered. Accordingly, the appearance of the camera is prevented from deteriorating. The switch is also advantageous in reducing the size of the camera.

Abstract: A rotary encoder which provides multiple-bit encoded signals according to predetermined angular positions comprises a ground segment pattern having a circular arrangement of conductive ground segments and a signal segment pattern having at least one circular arrangement of different conductive signal segments corresponding to bits of each multiple-bit encode signal, which is formed in a circle concentric with the circular arrangement of conductive ground segments, and a rotary contact having a plurality of contact points making contact with the conductive signal segments in each predetermined angular position and a contact point making contact with the conductive ground segments to provide bit signals forming the multiple-bit encoded signal.