Abstract: The present invention relates to a phosphor that satisfies requirements (1) to (3): (1) the phosphor satisfies Formula [2] and/or Formula [3]: 85?{R455(125)/R455(25)}×100?110??[2] 92?{R405(100)/R405(25)}×100?110??[3] wherein R455(125) represents an emission peak intensity when the phosphor is excited by light having a peak wavelength of 455 nm at 125° C., (2) the emission peak wavelength is in the range of 570 nm to 680 nm, and (3) the full width at half maximum of an emission peak is 90 nm or less. The phosphor of the present invention has a high luminous efficiency and emits light of orange to red with high luminance. The use of the phosphor makes it possible to produce a light-emitting device, an illumination apparatus, and an image display, having a high efficiency and excellent color rendering properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phosphor that satisfies requirements (1) to (3): (1) the phosphor satisfies Formula [2] and/or Formula [3]: 85?{R455(125)/R455(25)}×100<110??[2] 92?{R405(100)/R405(25)}×100<110??[3] wherein R455(125) represents an emission peak intensity when the phosphor is excited by light having a peak wavelength of 455 nm at 125° C., (2) the emission peak wavelength is in the range of 570 nm to 680 nm, and (3) the full width at half maximum of an emission peak is 90 nm or less. The phosphor of the present invention has a high luminous efficiency and emits light of orange to red with high luminance. The use of the phosphor makes it possible to produce a light-emitting device, an illumination apparatus, and an image display, having a high efficiency and excellent color rendering properties.

Abstract: Flexural rigidity E of a target wire harness (to be referred to as a WH hereinafter) is calculated by a predetermined bi-quadratic function associated with a curvature ? on the basis of a diameter ? of the WH, and the wiring shape of the WH which satisfy fixing positions is calculated on the basis of torsional rigidity C and the weight per unit length which are supplied from a storage device in accordance with the diameter ? of the target WH (S4-S5). The bi-quadratic function is set such that the calculated flexural rigidity E decreases as the curvature ? of the WH increases.

Abstract: Flexural rigidity E of a target wire harness (to be referred to as a WH hereinafter) is calculated by a predetermined bi-quadratic function associated with a curvature &rgr; on the basis of a diameter &phgr; of the WH, and the wiring shape of the WH which satisfy fixing positions is calculated on the basis of torsional rigidity C and the weight per unit length which are supplied from a storage device in accordance with the diameter &phgr; of the target WH (S4-S5). The bi-quadratic function is set such that the calculated flexural rigidity E decreases as the curvature &rgr; of the WH increases.

Abstract: A disordered fluorite-type photochemical hole burning crystal contains Sm.sup.2+ as active ions, and a composition except Sm.sup.2+ is represented by a general formula .alpha.-(MALn)F.sub.6-v X.sub.v where 0.ltoreq.v.ltoreq.1, and M is an element selected from Ca, Sr and Ba, A is an element selected from Na, K, Rb and Cs, Ln is an element selected from Y, La, Gd and Ce, and X is an element selected from Cl, Br and I. Stable hole burning occurs at the room temperature to create narrow holes. The crystal can be used as a superior optical recording material for a room temperature operation.

Abstract: An all-solid-state tunable pulse laser using a titanium-doped sapphire single crystal in which a pumping source is a pulse beam, which is produced by doubling with a KTiOPO.sub.4 under a 90.degree. phase matching condition a Q-switching laser pulse of a light beam, which is produced by a transition of .sup.4 F.sub.3/2 .fwdarw..sup.4 I.sub.11/2 in a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite crystal pumped with a quasi-continuous diode laser.

Abstract: A solid laser generator employing a flash light as light source for excitation and titanium-doped sapphire as laser medium, wherein cerium and/or erbium-doped quartz glass, transparent plastic or transparent ceramic, is disposed in the vicinity of the laser medium or in the vicinity of the flash lamp.

Abstract: A gadolinium-lutetium-gallium garnet crystal having the formula:(Gd.sub.1-x Lu.sub.x).sub.3 (Gd.sub.y Lu.sub.z Ga.sub.1-y-z).sub.z Ga.sub.3 O.sub.12 (I)wherein x, y and z are number satisfying 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.4, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.05 and 0.6.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1.0, respectively.

Abstract: In a laser-operated detecting device, the light source of a laser beam applied to a specimen under test is a tunable laser whose wavelength can be continuously tuned in a certain range. The detecting device is realized as a high speed liquid chromatography fluorescence detector, a high speed liquid chromatography Raman detector, a laser Raman spectroscopic measuring device, a coherent anti-Stokes Raman measuring device, or a microscopic Raman measuring device.