Abstract: A diesel oil composition is provided which, while having a low sulfur content, has an excellent oxidative stability even under the higher temperature conditions that can be expected for the operating environments of the future. The diesel oil composition has a fluorenes content of at least 200 ppm by mass and an acenaphthylenes content of at most 2000 ppm by mass.

Abstract: A fuel composition for use in gasoline engines which has excellent acceleration characteristics at high speeds and excellent fuel consumption. The fuel composition of this invention for use in gasoline engines satisfies the conditions: (1) the research octane number is not less than 99; (2) the density is in the range of from 0.750 to 0.770 g/cm3; (3) the distillation temperature at 50 vol % distilled is in the range of from 95 to 102° C., the distillation temperature at 90 vol % distilled is in the range of from 160 to 180 ° C., and the distillation end point is in the range of from 180 to 220 ° C.; and (4) the content of aromatic hydrocarbons with 9 or more carbon atoms is in the range of from 15 to 25% by volume, and the indane content is in the range of from 0.5 to 3.0% by volume.

Abstract: A fuel composition for use in gasoline engines which has excellent acceleration characteristics at high speeds and excellent fuel consumption. The fuel composition of this invention for use in gasoline engines satisfies the conditions: (1) the research octane number is not less than 90; (2) the density is in the range of from 0.740 to 0.760 g/cm3; (3) the distillation temperature at 50 vol % distilled is in the range of from 95 to 105 ° C., the distillation temperature at 90 vol % distilled is in the range of from 160 to 180° C., and the distillation end point is not more than 220° C.; and (4) the content of aromatic hydrocarbons with 9 or more carbon atoms is in the range of from 12 to 20% by volume, and the indane content is in the range of from 1.5 to 3.0% by volume.

Abstract: A diesel oil composition is provided which, while having a low sulfur content, has an excellent oxidative stability even under the higher temperature conditions that can be expected for the operating environments of the future. The diesel oil composition has a fluorenes content of at least 200 ppm by mass and an acenaphthylenes content of at most 2000 ppm by mass.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition which essentially comprises only paraffins, and wherein the proportion of the content of paraffins of 15 or fewer carbons is made not less than 28% by volume and the proportion of normal paraffins of 18 or more carbons is made not more than 11% by volume. The diesel fuel composition has improved rubber swellability.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a fuel composition for use in gasoline engines and a blending component is provided, in which the fractions from cracking apparatus is used. In the method, light cycle oil obtained from fluid catalytic apparatus is subjected to fractionation and used as a blending component. The blending component obtained by fractionation has a distillation characteristic of from 160 to 230° C., a content of aromatic hydrocarbons with 9 or more carbon atoms of amount not less than 80% by volume and an indane content of amount not less than 20% by volume.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition which essentially comprises only paraffins, and which is characterised in that 1) the normal paraffins with 18 or fewer carbons constitute not less than 12% by mass, and 2) the proportion of the total peak area of the peak group at chemical shifts of 1.45 to 2.25 ppm relative to the total peak area of the peak group at chemical shifts of 1.00 to 1.45 ppm is less than 6.5% in proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra, and which has an oxidation index OI of less than 1.10. OI is represented by the equation OI=0.247X?0.001Y?0.053, wherein X is the proportion (%) of the total peak area of the peak group at chemical shifts of 1.45 to 2.25 ppm relative to the total peak area of the peak group at chemical shifts of 1.00 to 1.45 ppm in proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra; and Y is the content (mass %) of normal paraffins with 18 or fewer carbons.

Abstract: A fuel composition for use in gasoline engines which has excellent acceleration characteristics at high speeds and excellent fuel consumption. The fuel composition of this invention for use in gasoline engines satisfies the conditions: (1) the research octane number is not less than 99; (2) the density is in the range of from 0.750 to 0.770 g/cm3; (3) the distillation temperature at 50 vol % distilled is in the range of from 95 to 102° C., the distillation temperature at 90 vol % distilled is in the range of from 160 to 180 ° C., and the distillation end point is in the range of from 180 to 220 ° C.; and (4) the content of aromatic hydrocarbons with 9 or more carbon atoms is in the range of from 15 to 25% by volume, and the indane content is in the range of from 0.5 to 3.0% by volume.

Abstract: A fuel composition for use in gasoline engines which has excellent acceleration characteristics at high speeds and excellent fuel consumption. The fuel composition of this invention for use in gasoline engines satisfies the conditions: (1) the research octane number is not less than 90; (2) the density is in the range of from 0.740 to 0.760 g/cm3; (3) the distillation temperature at 50 vol % distilled is in the range of from 95 to 105 ° C., the distillation temperature at 90 vol % distilled is in the range of from 160 to 180° C., and the distillation end point is not more than 220° C.; and (4) the content of aromatic hydrocarbons with 9 or more carbon atoms is in the range of from 12 to 20% by volume, and the indane content is in the range of from 1.5 to 3.0% by volume.

Abstract: A fuel composition for diesel engines comprising: (1) up to 80% volume of one or more intermediate fractions selected from the group consisting of a straight-run ‘kerosene fraction, a straight-run light oil fraction, a cracked light oil fraction, a cracked kerosene fraction and hydrodesulphurised products of these; and (2) at least 20% volume of gas-to-liquid product, wherein, in a test of oxidation stability in accordance with the EN14112 test, the time until a change of electrical conductivity occurs at a liquid temperature of 150° C. is at least four hours.

Abstract: A conveyor controller calculates a distance which a conveyor is to move to convey a workpiece, and a simulated model of the conveyor is moved by a conveyor moving circuit. The calculated distance is converted into conveyor movement pulses by an encoder circuit, and the conveyor movement pulses are stored in a memory. A robot controller operates a simulated model of a coating robot in synchronism with the movement of the conveyor, based on statuses of simulated models of limit switches which are set by a limit switch controller. Statuses of operation of the simulated models are displayed on a display unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal orientation controlling membrane, characterized by the polyimide membrane comprising the repeating unit represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar.sub.1 represents a diamine moiety which is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Ar.sub.2 represents tetravalent carboxylic acid moiety which is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## Another invention is a ferroelectric liquid crystal element or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal element using the polyimide orientation controlling membrane mentioned above. The present liquid crystal element is used to a large picture display with high resolution, a TV picture display with wide viewing angle and a liquid crystal optical shutter.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition is disclosed having antiferroelectric phases at two temperature ranges. A liquid crystal element and device using the liquid crystal composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel liquid crystal compounds containing a naphthalene ring, having an excellent light leaking ratio at tristable states, and represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 linear alkyl group or C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 linear alkoxy group, R.sub.2 is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 linear alkyl group, R.sub.3 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyl group, and C having an asterisk indicates an asymmetric atom.The liquid crystal compounds are expected to find their applications in electrooptical devices and liquid crystal displays utilizing a S*.sub.(3) liquid crystal phase which shows tristable states.