Abstract: Frozen or refrigerated gyoza having an improved quality can be produced by forming a layer of a browning agent on a portion of a gyoza, such that the browning agent has a net-like structure and the structure properties of the net-like structure is used as an index.

Abstract: The invention is directed toward a measuring apparatus for measuring performance characteristics of a recording unit including a recording medium on which one track is divided into a plurality of sectors. The measuring apparatus includes a writing means for writing a write signal with a write parameter, a first control means for changing the write parameter value for respective sectors, a reading means for reading out the write signal written by the writing means with a read parameter and measuring the read-out write signal as a read signal, and a second control means for controlling the read parameter so as to produce predetermined read parameter values for respective sectors.

Abstract: The contact between a device under test (DUT) and a measuring terminal is accurately judged with a simple circuit for impedance measurement. The conduction detecting means injects a judging current into the voltage terminal (L.sub.P) for low voltage. When the device under test (DUT) and both the current terminal (L.sub.C) for low voltage and the voltage terminal (L.sub.P) for low voltage are normally contacted with each other, since the inverting input terminal of the inverting amplifier is virtually grounded, and the L.sub.C and L.sub.P are substantially kept at the ground potential, the contact judgment for L.sub.C and L.sub.P is made by detecting the potentials of L.sub.P. In addition, when the impedance measurement value is larger than the predetermined lowest limit value and the current measurement value is lower than the predetermined lowest limit value, the DUT and the current terminal (H.sub.C) for high voltage are considered to have improper contact with each other.