Abstract: An information providing method and apparatus in which a radio wave signal is transmitted from plural artificial satellites and received at plural receiving equipment located within a pre-defined service area, and receiving within a pre-defined range of operational elevation angle by a receiving antenna. The plural artificial satellites are viewable in turn within a pre-defined range of operational elevation angle at an arbitrary location within the pre-defined service area, and an orbit is arranged so that at least one artificial satellite is viewable. Each orbit of the plural artificial satellites is arranged on an individual orbital plane according to a designated service hour. The individual orbit is located in a range where an orbital inclination angle is 63.4 degrees or closer to Japan, and a right ascension of a north-bound node of the individual artificial satellite is separated approximately at regular intervals.

Abstract: A communication system having a plurality of artificial satellites each having a communication unit traveling on elliptical orbits with an orbital period of 24 hours. Arguments of perigee are set to values with a predetermined allowance in a setting process of the plurality of artificial satellites.

Abstract: A transmission or communication system, wherein plural individual elliptical orbits are so defined that an individual right ascension of a north-bound node is established with a designated angle. An artificial satellite is travels on a respective ones of the plural individual elliptical orbit and a group of artificial satellites arranged on respective ones of the plural individual elliptical orbits are used so that at least one of the artificial satellites having a communication system is always viewable within a pre-defined range of operational elevational angle in a zenith direction from a service area. The group of artificial satellites are on respective orbits obtained by combining an inclination angle and an eccentricity squared of the individual elliptical orbit so that a right ascension of north-bound node is a designated angle and a time period during which respective ones of the group of artificial satellites is viewable from ground is substantially identical.

Abstract: A communication terminal for communicating through an artificial satellite, wherein the artificial satellite is placed into an orbit in which an individual satellite orbits on an elliptical orbit so that at least one of the artificial satellites is always viewable within a pre-defined range of operational elevational angle in a zenith direction from a service area. A group of the artificial satellites are satellites on respective orbits obtained by combining an inclination angle and an eccentricity squared of said elliptical orbit so that a time period during which an artificial satellite is viewable from ground is substantially identical and the communication terminal has a transmitter and receiver for transmitting and receiving a signal through the group of artificial satellites.

Abstract: A communication line not affected by artificial structures and plants is established between mobile objects and stationary stations surrounded with skyscrapers, and economical artificial satellite service capable of efficiently performing satellite broadcast, mobile satellite communication, satellite-to-satellite communication and earth surveillance is provided using the communication line and by constructing the system with a small number of satellites. Six orbital elements 7-12 of a plurality of artificial satellites at reference time 5 are determined, and a plurality of elliptical orbits corresponding to the determined six orbital elements are combined, and then each of the satellites is appropriately arranged on each of the orbits to form a group of artificial satellites. Satellite communication or satellite broadcast is performed using the group of artificial satellites.

Abstract: A broadcasting or transmitting system using an artificial satellite. The artificial satellite is placed into an orbit in which individual artificial satellites orbit on an elliptical orbit so that at least one of the artificial satellites is always viewable within a pre-defined range of operational elevational angles in a zenith direction from a service area. A group of the artificial satellites are satellites on respective different orbits obtained by combining an inclination angle and an eccentricity squared of said elliptical orbit so that a time period during which one artificial satellite of the group of the artificial satellites is viewable from ground is substantially identical to a time period during which another artificial satellite of the group is viewable from the ground.

Abstract: A communication line not affected by artificial structures and plants is established between mobile objects and stationary stations surrounded with skyscrapers, and economical artificial satellite service capable of efficiently performing satellite broadcast, mobile satellite communication, satellite-to-satellite communication and earth surveillance is provided using the communication line and by constructing the system with a small number of satellites.

Abstract: A broadcasting or transmitting system using an artificial satellite. The artificial satellite is placed into an orbit in which individual artificial satellites orbit on an elliptical orbit so that at least one of the artificial satellites is always viewable within a pre-defined range of operational elevational angles in a zenith direction from a service area. A group of the artificial satellites are satellites on respective different orbits obtained by combining an inclination angle and an eccentricity squared of said elliptical orbit so that a time period during which one artificial satellite of the group of the artificial satellites is viewable from ground is substantially identical to a time period during which another artificial satellite of the group is viewable from the ground.

Abstract: A transmission or communication system, wherein plural individual elliptical orbits are so defined that an individual right ascension of a north-bound node is established with a designated angle. An artificial satellite is travels on a respective ones of the plural individual elliptical orbit and a group of artificial satellites arranged on respective ones of the plural individual elliptical orbits are used so that at least one of the artificial satellites having a communication system is always viewable within a pre-defined range of operational elevational angle in a zenith direction from a service area. The group of artificial satellites are on respective orbits obtained by combining an inclination angle and an eccentricity squared of the individual elliptical orbit so that a right ascension of north-bound node is a designated angle and a time period during which respective ones of the group of artificial satellites is viewable from ground is substantially identical.

Abstract: An information providing method and apparatus for providing information to a moving body via an artificial satellite. Information for selecting a desired information and position information of the moving body is transmitted, from the moving body. Information is provided to the moving body from the artificial satellite depending upon the position information of the moving body and the desired information, on the basis of information from the moving body.

Abstract: A system and method for a group of artificial satellites. The artificial satellite is placed into an orbit in which an individual satellite orbits on an elliptical orbit so that at least one of the artificial satellites is always viewable within a pre-defined range of operational elevational angle in a zenith direction from a service area. The group of the artificial satellites are satellites on respective different orbits obtained by combining an inclination angle and an eccentricity squared of the elliptical orbit so that a time period during which one artificial satellite of the group of artificial satellites is viewable from ground is substantially identical to a time period during which another artificial satellite of the group of the artificial satellites is viewable from ground.

Abstract: An information providing method and apparatus for providing information to a moving body via an artificial satellite. Information for selecting a desired information and position information of the moving body is transmitted, from the moving body. Information is provided to the moving body from the artificial satellite depending upon the position information of the moving body and the desired information, on the basis of information from the moving body.

Abstract: In order to establish the communication lines among the movable bodies and/or fixed stations and to configure communication system with a small number of satellites, present method has the steps of determining six orbit-related parameters by using a input conditions including a geographical condition of the service area, a desired service time and the tolerance of an ascending vertical angle within which the satellite can be viewed from the service area, and establishing the satellite communication with one or more satellites, an individual satellite being arranged on the orbits selected and combined among plural elliptical orbits corresponding to the determined six orbit-related parameters on which the satellites stay for a sufficiently long time that they may come successfully into sight in the zenith direction.

Abstract: A communication system, wherein plural elliptical orbits in which an apogee is located on a specified service area are so defined that an individual right ascension of north-bound node may be established with a designated angle. A satellite is made to travel on an individual elliptical orbit and a group of satellites to be arranged on said elliptical orbits are used so that at least one of artificial satellites having a communication system may be always viewable within a pre-defined range of ascending vertical angle in a zenith direction from the service area.

Abstract: An earth observation system capable of observing the earth globally and uniformly in a steady observation operation mode while observing a given district on the earth in a high-frequency observation operation mode, as occasion requires, includes a plurality of observation satellites each equipped with an orbit transfer facility, an observation data receiving system, an observation satellite operating ground system, an observation command facility such as anti-disaster task forces, institutes or the like. In the steady observation operation mode for observing globally the earth, M observation satellites are constellated on each of L sun-synchronized quasi-recurrent orbits each having a same altitude and a same inclination (where L and M represents natural numbers). In the high-frequency observation operation mode for observing a particular district on the earth, M satellites are constellated on each of L sun-synchronized recurrent orbits each having a nominal altitude of 561 km and a nominal inclination 97.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separation method for electroconductive gas-liquid two phase flow and the device therefor wherein electrodes are disposed in the vicinity of inlet and outlet portions of the gas-liquid separation region in the flow passage of electroconductive gas-liquid two phase flow so as to flow an electric current thereto. A magnet is disposed in the gas-liquid separation region of the flow passage so as to generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the current and to generate an electromagnetic force acting along the flow passage wall on the electroconductive liquid by taking advantage of the Flemming's left hand law, thereby separating the electroconductive gas-liquid two phase flow into gas phase and liquid phase. A hydrophobic porous material having water permeability is employed as the flow passage wall in the gas-liquid separation region; the gas-liquid separation region is disposed in a reduced pressure region; and the separated gas phase is effectively removed out of the flow passage.

Abstract: Method of opening and closing a fluid passage comprises the steps of freezing fluid in the fluid passage by first cooling the fluid to a temperature below the freezing point of the fluid to close the fluid passage and after the fluid passage is closed, raising the temperature of the fluid close (or just below) to the freezing point of the fluid, whereby the fluid passage is maintained in a closed state with a small power supply and the responsiveness in opening the fluid passage is enhanced.

Abstract: Azimuth compression processing is carried out by the steps of determining Doppler rate time change data a reconstructed scene from orbit data of a sattelite or aircraft, determining azimuth coordinates transformation data of an image after range compression, that is, resampling position designation data, from the Doppler rate time change data, resampling the image after range compression, in the azimuth direction using the azimuth coordinates transformation data, keeping unaltered the Doppler rate of a point image relating to the image after coordinates transformation irrespective to the position in the azimuth direction inside the scene, and thereafter using FFT.

Abstract: An electronic stereoscopic viewing device has an electronic signal generator which is coupled electronically to a liquid crystal display screen. The display screen upon receipt of a signal from the signal generator displays first and second views of an image with the first and second images being parallactically displaced with respect to one another. A first optical pathway conducts the first parallactically displaced view to a left eye viewing port and a second optical pathway conducts the second parallactically displaced view to a right eye viewing port. The optical pathways between the display screen and the left and right eye viewing ports are such that the first and second images are conducted to the respective left and right eye viewing ports in a manner maintaining the integrity of each such that the individually parallactically displaced first and second views of the images are received at the respective left and right eye viewing ports without contamination of one by the other.

Abstract: An electronic tennis game having a display panel with ball segments which are illuminated in different sequences to simulate a tennis ball which can move from one side of the tennis court to the other along different trajectories. Player elements are provided on each side of the display panel at positions which intercept the trajectories, each player element including a body portion and racket segments which can be sequentially illuminated to simulate a tennis player swinging his racket. Corresponding to each player element is a return button. A game operator attempts to ascertain the trajectory of an approaching ball and depress the return button corresponding to a player element positioned to intercept it. If the return button is depressed at the right time, the sequentially illuminated racket segments of the selected player element appear to hit the ball back to the other side of the tennis court.