Abstract: A cutting tool for cutting a hard brittle material is formed from a light-transmittable material through which laser light can pass and is provided with a rake angle, the laser light is propagated through the cutting tool, the cutting tool and the hard brittle material are brought into contact with each other, the laser light is incident to at least a contact part where the cutting tool and the hard brittle material are in contact with each other and a part with the rake angle, the laser light except for Fresnel reflection light on an end surface of the cutting tool is incident to the hard brittle material through the contact part and the rake angle part to soften the hard brittle material, and the softened hard brittle material is cut.

Abstract: A cutting tool for cutting a hard brittle material is formed from a light-transmittable material through which laser light can pass and is provided with a rake angle, the laser light is propagated through the cutting tool, the cutting tool and the hard brittle material are brought into contact with each other, the laser light is incident to at least a contact part where the cutting tool and the hard brittle material are in contact with each other and a part with the rake angle, the laser light except for Fresnel reflection light on an end surface of the cutting tool is incident to the hard brittle material through the contact part and the rake angle part to soften the hard brittle material, and the softened hard brittle material is cut.

Abstract: There is provided a nanoimprint apparatus. The nanoimprint apparatus transfers a pattern formed on a surface of a mold to a transfer layer which is formed partially or entirely on a side surface of a substantially cylindrical or columnar substrate. The nanoimprint apparatus includes: a first jig which is in contact with the substrate 102; a second jig which rotatably supports the first jig; a press unit which is connected to the second jig to press the substrate on the mold 104 through the first and second jigs; and a movable holding unit which holds the mold and moves the mold 104 in a direction substantially perpendicular to a pressing force.

Abstract: A high-precision cylindrical coil having a high-precision fine coil pattern and a high mechanical precision such as fine roundness and no axial runout, and a cylindrical micrometer using the cylindrical coil are provided. In a cylindrical coil, a plurality of layers of coil patterns formed by filling the coil pattern grooves formed on a cylindrical substrate with a conductor and a plurality of insulating layers coating the cylindrical substrate are formed, the layers of coil patterns are electrically interconnected to each other by filling a through-hole formed by performing a hole forming process with a conductor, and the outmost layer is made of an insulating material.

Abstract: There is provided a nanoimprint apparatus. The nanoimprint apparatus transfers a pattern formed on a surface of a mold to a transfer layer which is formed partially or entirely on a side surface of a substantially cylindrical or columnar substrate. The nanoimprint apparatus includes: a first jig which is in contact with the substrate 102; a second jig which rotatably supports the first jig; a press unit which is connected to the second jig to press the substrate on the mold 104 through the first and second jigs; and a movable holding unit which holds the mold and moves the mold 104 in a direction substantially perpendicular to a pressing force.

Abstract: A high-precision cylindrical coil having a high-precision fine coil pattern and a high mechanical precision such as fine roundness and no axial runout, and a cylindrical micrometer using the cylindrical coil are provided. In a cylindrical coil, a plurality of layers of coil patterns formed by filling the coil pattern grooves formed on a cylindrical substrate with a conductor and a plurality of insulating layers coating the cylindrical substrate are formed, the layers of coil patterns are electrically interconnected to each other by filling a through-hole formed by performing a hole forming process with a conductor, and the outmost layer is made of an insulating material.

Abstract: The invention provides a single-mode optical fiber microlens with an anamorphic means of convergence, which has a core (2) and cladding (4), the core (2) extending along the central axis (3) of the optical fiber, at the tip of which there is a wedge shape with slanting faces is formed on the tip of the optical fiber 1 that faces the light source or radiated beam, as well as 2nd inclines at the angle ? to a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the optical fiber and lengthwise to the wedge-shaped tip.

Abstract: This invention has the polarizing function of polarizing an input beam and a non-reflecting function of suppressing reflection of the input beam, wherein at least one side of a light-transmissive substrate 1 has a polarizing portion 4 with a striped structure formed by multiple alternating light-transmissive dielectric layers 2a, 2b . . . and metallic film layers 3a, 3b . . . . Its characteristics are improved if the metallic film layers are very thin and flat, with a target thickness in the range from 5 to 20 nm and variation of film thickness within the range of ±10%.

Abstract: The invention provides a single-mode optical fiber microlens with an anamorphic means of convergence, which has a core (2) and cladding (4), the core (2) extending along the central axis (3) of the optical fiber, at the tip of which there is a wedge shape with slanting faces is formed on the tip of the optical fiber 1 that faces the light source or radiated beam, as well as 2nd inclines at the angle &thgr; to a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the optical fiber and lengthwise to the wedge-shaped tip.

Abstract: This invention has the polarizing function of polarizing an input beam and a non-reflecting function of suppressing reflection of the input beam, wherein at least one side of a light-transmissive substrate 1 has a polarizing portion 4 with a striped structure formed by multiple alternating light-transmissive dielectric layers 2a, 2b . . . and metallic film layers 3a, 3b . . . . Its characteristics are improved if the metallic film layers are very thin and flat, with a target thickness in the range from 5 to 20 nm and variation of film thickness within the range of ±10%.

Abstract: This invention concerns a heat treatment method for rare earth type permanent magnets which are primarily of the Nd-Fe-B type. With regard to these permanent magnets, which oxidize rather easily in the air, the alloy is crushed, and either compression formed in a magnetic a non-magnetic field, sintered at 900.degree. to 1,200.degree. C., and then machined into the shape desired, and then solution treated in an atmosphere of oxygen and/or nitrogen at a temperature of 900.degree. to 1,200.degree. C., and then aged at 300.degree. to 900.degree. C. in order that an oxide and/or nitride protective layer of 0.001 to 10 .mu. be formed on the surface of the permanent magnet to prevent corrosion and in order to relieve machining strain.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a permanent magnet using alloys of the formula R(T.sub.1-y M.sub.y).sub.z, wherein R denotes one or two species of rare earth metals, including Y, T denotes transition metals, principally Fe or Fe and Co, M denotes metalloid elements, principally B, and wherein 0.02<y<0.15, and 5<z<9), to obtain permanent magnets with high orientation properties through the formation of 50-1000 .mu.m crude grains by spraying the alloys in a hot melt state using an inert gas atomization process, forming grains of less than 30 .mu.m by a mechanical pulverizing process after crystal texture in the crude grains has grown to over 30 .mu.m granules by a heat-treatment of the crude grains in a vacuum or in an inert atmosphere below 1000.degree. C., whereupon the grain powder is compression molded and heat treated at 500.degree.-900.degree. C. under a magnetic field to yield a compacted powder permanent magnet.

Abstract: Permanent magnetic alloys comprising 11.5-12.5% rare earth components of which 6.3-12% is samarium and 0.5-6.2% is yttrium; 0.2-2.5% hafnium, 19.5-26.5% iron, 7-10.5% copper, and 52-70.7% cobalt, the ranges of the components being in atomic ratios. The alloys are prepared by obtaining 1-50 .mu.m. powders of the components, compacting the powder after magnetic field orientation sintering the compacted powders at 1160.degree.-1220.degree. for 1-10 hours, cooling the sintered body at a rate of at least 1.degree. C./second until the temperature is about 900.degree. C., and then annealing the body at 750.degree.-900.degree. C.

Abstract: Permanent magnetic alloys comprising 11.5-12.5% rare earth components of which 6.3-12% is samarium and 0.5-6.2% is yttrium; 0.2-2.5% hafnium, .[.19.5-26.5%.]. .Iadd.10.5-26.5% .Iaddend.iron, 7-10.5% copper, and 52-70.7% cobalt, the ranges of the components being in atomic ratios. The alloys are prepared by obtaining 1-50 .mu.m. powders of the components, compacting the powder after mangetic field orientation sintering the compacted powders at 1160.degree.-1220.degree. for 1-10 hours, cooling the sintered body at a rate of at least 1.degree. C./second until the temperature is about 900.degree. C., and then annealing the body at 750.degree.-900.degree. C.