Abstract: A mechanical measuring device includes a body case, a probe 10 extending from the body case and abutting against a predetermined portion of a biological soft tissue, a load measuring means 12 which is integrally connected to the probe 10 and which measures a load applied to the biological soft tissue by the probe 10, a moving means 14 for moving the probe 10 at a constant speed, and a distance measuring means 20 for measuring a moving distance by the moving means 14, and in a measuring operation of the biological soft tissue such as muscle and cartilage, the load applied to the biological soft tissue and the moving distance of the probe 10 are simultaneously measured in a state where the probe 10 is moved at a constant speed, thereby realizing inspection and diagnose of a mechanical state of the biological soft tissue.

Abstract: The surface of the member to be inspected is covered with powder deposited by using, for example, static electricity prior to the flaw detection. The member surface is covered so as to be partly exposed by setting the average thickness of the powder layer to 0.1D-0.6D, where D is the average particle diameter of the powder, under an assumption that the powder particles in the powder layer are virtually leveled into a uniform thickness film. Subsequently, the surface region of the member is heated by high frequency induction heating, and then the temperature distribution on the surface is measured with a radiation thermometer. The part for which the temperature measured is different from the surroundings is judged as a flaw. The surface of the member is covered with the powder so that the surface emissivity becomes almost uniform, and the resulting temperature distribution measured with the radiation thermometer becomes almost equal to the real one.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging a power storage device provided within an electronic device. A power source provides direct current which is alternated in direction through a pair of primary coils for inducing alternating current in a secondary coil of the electronic device. The pair of primary coils are fixed to a coil yoke all of which are supported within a casing of the apparatus. During charging of the power storage device, the electronic device is mounted to the outside surface of the casing whereby substantially all of the magnetic flux of the magnetic field produced by the pair of primary coils flows through the secondary coil and coil yoke. The frequency of the oscillating signal is preset to provide the maximum induced current which will not adversely affect the movement of the analog mechanisms within the electronic device.

Abstract: In magnetic read/write apparatus having a media hub (2) made of magnetic material provided with a magnetic disk (1) and a package so as to cover the magnetic disk with a shell, to position the media hub (2) in the axial direction is performed by attaching an end of a spindle hub (17) to a media hub (2), and to position the media hub in the radial direction is performed by attaching the inner side of a center core (4) integrally formed with the media hub (2) to the periphery of the spindle hub (17). Furthermore, a driving pin (21) for contacting the media hub (2) with the spindle hub (17) is provided at the end of the media hub (2) and in the inner side of the center core (4), thereby, making it possible to provide a small-sized spindle hub and an excellent head contact.

Abstract: A process for producing tetrafluorophthalic acid is disclosed, which comprises the steps of:(a) reacting an alkali metal fluoride and at least one imide compound represented by formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, and X.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each represents a chloride atom or a bromine atom, R.sup.1 represents a monovalent organic group, and R.sup.2 represents a divalent organic group, to provide an N-substituted tetrafluorophthalimide; and(b) hydrolyzing the tetrafluorophthalimide in the presence of an acid.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a back coat layer formed on a non-magnetic support on one side which is opposite to a side where a magnetic recording layer is formed. The back coat layer is made of a dispersion of a fluorine-modified organosiloxane in a binder resin. The organosiloxane is of the following formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents a saturated or unsaturated monohydrocarbon group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents a saturated monohydrocarbon group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, k is an integer of from 1 to 12, l is an integer of from 2 to 6, m is an integer of 1 or 2, n is an integer of 1 or 2 provided that m+n.ltoreq.3.

Abstract: A fluorinated isophthalonitrile compound having the general formula ##STR1## wherein Y is --O, --S, or --N(R'), R and R' are independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, a haloalkyl group, an alkoxyl group, alkoxyalkyl group, a phenyl group which may be substituted, a tetrahydrofurfuryl group, or a cycloalkyl group, provided that, in the case of Y=--N(R'), R and R' or Y may be a tetrahydrofurfuryl group, or a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic compound residue.This fluorinated isophthalonitrile compound is suitable for use as an agricultural fungicide.

Abstract: A process for treating an aqueous slurry of pigment which comprises adding to the aqueous slurry a halogenated carbon medium which is in liquid state at room temperature and has at least one member selected from the group consisting of fluorine atom and chlorine atom in the molecule; agitating the aqueous slurry vigorously; separating the pigment in a form of cake containing the halogenated carbon medium; and drying the cake. According to the process of the present invention, a filtering step and a washing step can be eliminated and energy for drying can be greatly reduced. The pigment product obtained is excellent in brilliancy and clearness.

Abstract: An .alpha.-fluoroalkyl carboxylic acid ester of the general formula ##STR1## wherein A is R.sup.1 R.sup.2 COR.sup.3 -- or R.sup.4 CO--, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyl or phenyl, with or without the formation of a common ring therebetween, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl, R.sup.4 and R are independently alkyl, and R.sub.f is fluoroalkyl. The .alpha.-fluoroalkyl carboxylic acid ester is prepared by reacting a fluoroalkyl silyl ketene acetal of the formula ##STR2## wherein R' is alkyl and R.sub.f and R are the same as defined above, with the corresponding acetal, ketone or acyl halide.

Abstract: A process for preparing a perfluorinated or polyfluorinated aliphatic carboxylic acids wherein a perfluorinated or polyfluorinated aliphatic halide of the formula: R.sub.f X where R.sub.f is a perfluorinated or polyfluorinated aliphatic group and X is a halogen atom is reacted with carbon dioxide in the presence of metal under the irradiation of ultrasound and the reaction product is hydrolyzed to form a perfluorinated or polyfluorinated aliphatic carboxylic acid of the formula: R.sub.f COOH where R.sub.f is the same as defined above.

Abstract: An alkylated or alkenylated malonic ester having a fluorine containing aliphatic substituent and derivatives thereof as expressed by the following general formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.f is a fluorine containing aliphatic group, R is an aliphatic group, or hydrogen or alkali metal atom, and R' is an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic group.And a method to trap the enolate ion of a malonic ester having a fluorine containing aliphatic substituent as expressed by the following general formula,R.sub.f CH(CO.sub.2 R).sub.2where R.sub.f is a fluorine containing aliphatic group and R is an aliphatic group, hydrogen or alkali metal atom, wherein said malonic ester is converted under the action of a weaker base and/or fluoride ion to a fluorine containing enolate ion to be trapped as expressed by the following general formula:R.sub.f C.sup..crclbar. (CO.sub.2 R).sub.2where R.sub.f and R are the same as above.

Abstract: A shaped article of a synthetic resin having an improved surface such as a surface showing excellent water repellency and oil repellency which comprises a synthetic resin having hydroxy groups at least one surface of which being treated with an oligomer of a fluoroalkylene oxide represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is F or CF.sub.3 and n is an integer of 2 to 12.

Abstract: There are described fluorinated allylic compounds as expressed by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is a fluorinated aliphatic group and R is a group expressed by a general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same group or different groups as selected among hydrogen atom, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon groups, and heterocyclic groups. Further, a process of preparing fluorinated allylic compounds is described which includes a process step wherein a silane metal halide as expressed by a general formula(R.sup.1).sub.3 SiCH.sub.2 MX,wherein R.sup.1 is either an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, M is an element that belongs to the group IIa, IIIb, or VIIb of the periodic table, and X is a halogen atom, is reacted with a fluorinated carboxylic acid ester as expressed by a general formulaR.sub.f COOR',wherein R.sub.

Abstract: New fluorinated benzodiazepins are described. They are expressed by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are the same or different groups, each expressed by one of the following general formulas ##STR2## R.sup.2 being a hydrogen atom, aliphatic hydrocarbon group, fluorine-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aminoalkyl, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl, or alkylsulfonylalkyl group and R.sup.3 a hydrogen atom, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, halogen-substituted aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, while R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, fluorine-substituted aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group and X is a hydrogen atom, aliphatic hydrocarbon group, fluorine-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, halogen atom, nitro group or the like.

Abstract: An optically active substance consisting of perfluoro-2-alkoxy carboxylic acid or its derivative represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.f and R.sub.f ' are the same or different perfluoroaliphatic groups, X is a halogen or hydroxyl group, and C is a chiral carbon atom, the above carboxylic acid or its derivative being useful for an analytical reagent for optically active compounds, such as a chiral derivatizing agent for the .sup.19 F NMR or gas chromatographic analysis.

Abstract: A method for preparing lower alkyl .alpha.-fluoro-.alpha.-cyanoacetate and its carbanion by reacting hexafluoropropene with ammonia, and then reacting the obtained product with an alkali hydroxide in a lower alkyl alcohol. The carbanion is prepared by reacting the product .alpha.-fluoro-.alpha.-cyanoacetate with an alkali fluoride.

Abstract: A process for preparing a .beta.-(fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkenyl)-.beta.-hydroxyalkyne represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f represents a fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkenyl group and R represents an aliphatic or aromatic group, comprising reacting an alkyne represented by the formulaR--C.tbd.CH (II)wherein R is the same as defined above with a fluorine containing aldehyde represented by the formulaR.sub.f CHO (III)wherein R.sub.f is the same as defined above in the presence of catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation.A process for preparing an .alpha.-(fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkenyl)allyl alcohol represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.f represents a fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkenyl group, R represents an aliphatic or aromatic group and R' represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic group, comprising (1) reacting a .beta.-(fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkenyl)-.beta.-hydroxyalkyne represented by the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing cellulose derivative which is represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is acetyl group which may be partially replaced by propionyl or butyryl group, x is 1.7-2.5, y is 0.05-0.6, p is 0,1,2 or 3 and n is the degree of polymerization, to be usable for the material of fibers, moldings, films, semipermeable membranes, coatings or the like.

Abstract: A process for producing fluorine-containing organic compounds characterized in that fluorine-containing aliphatic iodides which comprise at least one selected from the group of R.sub.f I, R.sub.f ZnI and R.sub.f SnX.sub.2 I (where R.sub.f indicates a fluorine-containing aliphatic group; and X indicates halogen), or which comprise R.sub.f COOR' (where R.sub.f indicates a fluorine-containing aliphatic group; and R' indicates an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic hydrocarbon group) are reacted with organic compounds under ultrasonic wave action, whereby the R.sub.f group or the R.sub.f CO group is introduced into the said organic compounds.

Abstract: A fluoroalkyl silyl ketene acetal of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is a fluoroalkyl group, and R and R' are the same or different and each is an alkyl group, which is prepared by reacting or fluorinated carboxylic acid of the formulaR.sub.f CH.sub.2 COOR'wherein R.sub.f and R' are respectively the same as defined above with a silylating agent represented by a formulaR.sub.3 SiOTfwherein Tf represents a trifluoromethane sulfonyl group and R is the same as defined above.