Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer. The charge transporting layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a particular structural unit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer. The charge transporting layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a particular structural unit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer. The charge transporting layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a particular structural unit.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies wear resistance and electrical characteristics, and in which image deletion is satisfactorily suppressed, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer which includes a polymerized product of a hole transporting substance having a reactive functional group, in which a structure other than the reactive functional group of the hole transporting substance is one of: a structure consisting of a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom; and a structure consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom, and the structure other than the reactive functional group of the hole transporting substance comprises a specific conjugate structure.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member excellent in suppression of image deletion and electric potential variation. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a hole transporting substance. The hole transporting substance is one of a compound consisting of a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, or a compound consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, and an oxygen atom. The hole transporting substance comprises a conjugate structure containing 24 or more sp2 carbon atoms. The conjugate structure comprises a condensed polycyclic structure comprising 12 or more sp2 carbon atoms. A ratio of a number of sp2 carbon atoms is 55% or more based on a total number of carbon atoms in the hole transporting substance, and a ratio of a number of sp3 carbon atoms is 10% or more based on a total number of carbon atoms in the hole transporting substance.

Abstract: A surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymerized product obtained by a polymerization reaction of a hole transporting compound having a first reactive functional group and a compound having a second reactive functional group reactable with the first reactive functional group, and a structure other than the first reactive functional group of the hole transporting compound is a structure having only a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, or a structure having only a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies wear resistance and electrical characteristics, and in which image deletion is satisfactorily suppressed, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer which includes a polymerized product of a hole transporting substance having a reactive functional group, in which a structure other than the reactive functional group of the hole transporting substance is one of: a structure consisting of a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom; and a structure consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom, and the structure other than the reactive functional group of the hole transporting substance comprises a specific conjugate structure.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member excellent in suppression of image deletion and electric potential variation. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a hole transporting substance. The hole transporting substance is one of a compound consisting of a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, or a compound consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, and an oxygen atom. The hole transporting substance comprises a conjugate structure containing 24 or more sp2 carbon atoms. The conjugate structure comprises a condensed polycyclic structure comprising 12 or more sp2 carbon atoms. A ratio of a number of sp2 carbon atoms is 55% or more based on a total number of carbon atoms in the hole transporting substance, and a ratio of a number of sp3 carbon atoms is 10% or more based on a total number of carbon atoms in the hole transporting substance.

Abstract: A surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymerized product obtained by a polymerization reaction of a hole transporting compound having a first reactive functional group and a compound having a second reactive functional group reactable with the first reactive functional group, and a structure other than the first reactive functional group of the hole transporting compound is a structure having only a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, or a structure having only a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent electrophotographic properties, a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a polymer having a specific repeating structural unit and fluorine-atom-containing resin particles. The fluorine-atom-containing particles in the surface layer are dispersed so as to be provided with particle sizes almost up to those of primary particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent electrophotographic properties, a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a polymer having a specific repeating structural unit and fluorine-atom-containing resin particles. The fluorine-atom-containing particles in the surface layer are dispersed so as to be provided with particle sizes almost up to those of primary particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent electrophotographic properties, a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a polymer having a specific repeating structural unit and fluorine-atom-containing resin particles. The fluorine-atom-containing particles in the surface layer are dispersed so as to be provided with particle sizes almost up to those of primary particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent electrophotographic properties, a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a polymer having a specific repeating structural unit and fluorine-atom-containing resin particles. The fluorine-atom-containing particles in the surface layer are dispersed so as to be provided with particle sizes almost up to those of primary particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus are provided which not only secure mechanical strength sufficiently but also bring a vast improvement in charge transport performance and which can well satisfy electrical properties. An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided an outermost surface layer of which contains at least a charge transporting compound having chain polymerizable functional groups which is represented by the following general formula (1-1) or (1-2); the charge transporting compound having been polymerized or cross-linked and cured. Also provided are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such a photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus are provided which not only secure mechanical strength sufficiently but also bring a vast improvement in charge transport performance and which can well satisfy electrical properties. An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided an outermost surface layer of which contains at least a charge transporting compound having chain polymerizable functional groups which is represented by the following general formula (1-1) or (1-2); the charge transporting compound having been polymerized or cross-linked and cured. Also provided are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such a photosensitive member.

Abstract: The present invention provides condensed purine derivatives or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof exhibiting adenosine A3 acceptor antagonising activity, and having an antiasthmatic action, a bronchodilator action, an antiantiitching action, etc., and represented by the following formula (I): (wherein R1 represents substituted or unsubstituted aryl or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group; R2 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, alicyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group; R3 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl; X1 and X2 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; and n represents an integer of 0 to 3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Z represents Gly or Cys; X represents an (.alpha.-amino acid residue; Y represents a natural calcitonin moiety, a partial natural calcitonin peptide moiety, or a natural calcitonin-like peptide moiety; m represents an integer of 5-8, .alpha.-amino acid residues represented by X being the same or different; and n represents an integer of 0-3; provided that when m is 5, the sequence of 4 C-terminal residues of --(X).sub.m -- is different from the sequence of the third to sixth amino acids of natural calcitonin, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to indole derivatives represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, halogen, --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OR.sup.5, or ##STR2## R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, or ##STR3## R.sup.4 represents hydroxy, lower alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, or --NR.sup.10 R.sup.11, and X represents CO or SO.sub.2, with the proviso that when R.sup.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and X is CO, R.sup.4 is --NR.sup.10 R.sup.11, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel xanthine derivatives of the formula (I) which are selectively antagonistic to an adenosine A.sub.2 receptor, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Formula (I): ##STR1## In the formula, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a propyl group, a butyl group or an allyl group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and Z represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a furyl group or a thienyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benzenesulfonamide derivatives represented by Formula (I): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent hydrogen or lower alkanoyl; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted polycycloalkyl, substituted aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are combined together with the adjacent nitrogen atom to form a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic heterocyclic group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The derivatives are useful as therapeutic agents for osteoporosis.