Abstract: A fixing roller includes a conductive core member to which voltage is to be applied to an aluminum oxidation layer provided on the conductive core member and a surface conductive layer provided on the aluminum oxidation layer.

Abstract: In a surface treatment apparatus for a rotating disc 10, the outer peripheries of the disc 10 are brought into contact with a pair of positioning rollers 13, 14 to position the disk 10 at the predetermined position. A first treatment roller 17 brought into contact with one of the surfaces of the disc 10 and a second treatment roller 18 brought into contact with the other surface of the disc 10 are arranged at both side of the disk 10, and the rollers 17, 18 are drive to move to come close to and away from each other. When the disk 10 is held between the rollers 17, 18, the frictional force of the rollers relative to the disc 10 is differentiated between an end and the opposite end of each of the rollers, thereby, the rotary motions of the rollers 17, 18 are transformed into a rotary motion of the disc 10 to treat the surfaces of the rotating disc.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus comprises an image bearing member, developing means for developing by use of toner the electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member, transfer charging means for transferring the toner image from the image bearing member to a transfer material in the transfer position, and separation means for de-electrifying the transfer material for separating the transfer material from the image bearing member. Then, after the toner image formed on the transfer material for the first time is fixed, the toner image is formed on the same transfer material for the second time. For this apparatus, modifying means is further provided for modifying the development conditions of the first toner image and the second toner image formed on the transfer material, and modifying the adhesive amount of fogging toner adhering to the image background of the toner image on the image bearing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material comprising: a plurality of processing devices for forming the image; a detecter for detecting at least a quantity of state relating to a control of the processing devices; an inference computer for inferring, in accordance with the quantity of state, a quantity of control for use to control the processing devices.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material comprising: a plurality of processing devices for forming the image; a detector for detecting at least a quantity of state relating to a control of the processing devices; a fuzzy inference computer for inferring, in accordance with the quantity of state, a quantity of control for use to control the processing devices.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus utilizing an ink jet recording head and including a plurality of processing devices for forming the image; a detector which detects a quantity of a state, i.e. temperature, humidity, idle time, suspened dust, etc., related to a control of the image processing devices; and an inferrence computer which uses fuzzy logic in analizing the detected quantity of state to control the processing devices.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a cleaning member which frictionally contacts magnetic particles on a magnet roller with an image bearing member in order to remove foreign matter adhered to the image bearing member, thereby preventing the deteriorating of the image quality. The magnet roller rotates slowly so that a portion thereof opposed to the image bearing member is moved in the same direction as a moving direction of the image bearing member. This prevents the toner from overflowing and scattering out of the cleaning member. Further, when non-magnetic toner is used, by providing a toner cavity on the magnet roller, the scattering of the non-magnetic toner can be prevented, whereby parts inside the apparatus are prevented from being contaminated by the toner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable image bearing member, a latent image forming device for forming a latent image on the image bearing member, a developing device for developing the latent image formed on the image bearing member by the latent image forming device with non-magnetic toner, a transfer device for transferring an image developed by the developing device to a transfer device, a cleaning device for removing residual toner from the image bearing member after the image is transferred wherein the cleaning device includes magnetic paricle retaining device for retaining magnetic particles and a magnetic particle supplying device for supplying the magnetic particles to the magnetic particle retaining device of the cleaning device.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process using a photosensitive member having an amorphous silicon photosensitive layer, includes uniformly charging the photosensitive member, and exposing the photosensitive member to information light to form an electrostatic latent image, developing the electrostatic latent image using a developing device selected from a plurality of developing devices disposed along a movement direction of the photosensitive member, wherein a movement speed of the photosensitive member is lower when a selected developing device is the one closer to the station where the uniformly charging step is performed than when another developing device is selected, whereby the time periods for a portion of the photosensitive member to move from the charging station to the developing devices is substantially constant.

Abstract: A circuit for driving a display comprises a condenser element for maintaining a voltage, the number of condenser elements corresponding to the number of picture elements of the display, a first switch for applying a voltage to the condenser element, a second switch for driving each of the picture elements according to the voltage maintained by the condenser element, and a third switch for testing said circuit by monitoring the voltage developed across said condenser element.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an electronic digital clock made up of electronic components without using a chain of counters. The digital clock utilizes shift registers with a recirculation path for storing the time information as to hours, minutes and/or seconds and a computing circuit for repeatedly adding the time information one by one in accordance with a predetermined clock base frequency.