Abstract: A starter with a reduction mechanism provided between a motor and a pinion clutch includes a pinion shaft mechanically coupled to the inner portion periphery of a clutch inner of the pinion clutch in such a manner as to be movable in the axial direction thereof, and a pinion provided at one end of the pinion shaft. The starter further, includes first helical splines provided between the clutch inner portion of the pinion clutch and the pinion shaft, and second helical splines provided at one end of the pinion shaft such that the pinion shaft is mechanically coupled to the pinion therethrough.

Abstract: A pinion clutch for a starter is constituted such that a spline tube having first and second helical splines on the inner and outer surfaces thereof respectively is disposed on a drive shaft, the inner surface of the spline tube is engaged to the drive shaft by the first helical spline, while the outer surface of the spline tube is engaged to a clutch-outer by the second helical spline, and rollers are disposed between a clutch-inner which is integrally formed with a pinion and the clutch-outer so that a one-way clutch function is realized. The pinion clutch comprises a meshing spring and an impact torque absorbing spring urging the spline tube and the clutch-outer in a direction in which the spline tube and the clutch-outer move away from each other are in series disposed between the spline tube and the clutch-outer. The meshing spring and the impact torque absorbing spring have individual spring constants.

Abstract: Preheating and warming apparatus for use with vehicles comprising an outer housing provided with a clean air inlet port, a clean air outlet port and an exhaust gas outlet port, an inner housing having the interior thereof divided by a partition into a clean air introducing chamber and a combustion chamber, a fan motor disposed in the clean air introducing chamber and mounting a combustion fan on one of two output shafts of the fan motor, a sucking fan mounted on the other output shaft of the fan motor and disposed in the vicinity of the clean air inlet port of the outer housing, fuel injection means secured to the partition wall, a baffle plate disposed adjacent to the fuel injection means in the combustion chamber, a coiled water heating tube disposed in the combustion chamber, and radiation fins secured to the outer peripheral surface of the portion of the inner housing defining the combustion chamber, said components constituting a combustor for effecting combustion of liquid fuel to generate heat, said he

Abstract: This invention relates to an intake air heating device in an internal combustion engine. The intake air heating device comprises means for guiding flames from a flame holding or baffle cylinder to an intake pipe, the aforesaid means being attached to one end of the flame baffle cylinder integrally secured to the body proper of the intake air heating device and projecting into the interior of an elbow portion of the intake pipe, or secured to the inner wall of the elbow portion of the intake pipe which faces said one end of the flame baffle cylinder, so that the intake air heating device may fulfill the intake-air heating function when mounted on the elbow portion of the intake pipe connecting an air cleaner with an engine.