Abstract: This invention provides an improved electrifying member capable of that can have an electric voltage applied to it to electrify a surface of another member which is to be electrified. In particular, said electrifying member comprises an electrically conductive elastomer obtained by vulcanizing a mixture containing a nitryl rubber, a liquid nitryl rubber, and a non-polar polymer. Therefore, the invention provides an improved electrophotograph apparatus employing the above improved electrifying member, which has a relatively uniform electric resistance and uniform electrifying characteristics, has almost no change in its characteristics even if it has been used for a long time period, and is non-viscous and thus will not stick to a photosensitive body (to be electrified) so that it will not contaminate the photosensitive body.

Abstract: A cellular conductive roller has closed cells and open cells with conductive powder filling the open cells of the cellular conductive roller. A method for making a cellular conductive roller includes filling the open cells in the cellular conductive roller with conductive powder, adhering a tacky sheet to the surface of said cellular conductive roller; then peeling said tacky sheet off the surface of said cellular conductive roller. Also disclosed is an electrophotographic device using the cellular conductive roller and a process cartridge into which the cellular conductive roller is integrated.

Abstract: A white electroconductive coating composition includes a white pigment having a whiteness of at least 60, a white conductive material having a whiteness of at least 50 and a volume resistivity of at most 1.times.10.sup.10 ohm.cm. The coating composition is suitable to provide a a coating film showing a whiteness of at least 60 and a surface resistivity of at most 1.times.10.sup.11 ohm/cm.sup.2. Such a white conductive layer may be formed on a back side of a surface insulating film of a transfer material carrying member of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus to provide a reference white pattern for detecting a density of a toner image formed on the carrying member, thereby allowing controlled image formation based on the detected density data.

Abstract: Particles contained in the exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine are trapped by a particle-trapping-member disposed in an exhaust gas flow path. The flow rate of the exhaust gas is measured directly or indirectly, and the pressure loss for the trapping member is compared with an exhaust gas flow rate to measure the degree of clogging trapped by the trapping member. When the degree of clogging exceeds the predetermined valve, a command signal for closing an intake throttle is generated to reproduce said particle-trapping-member.

Abstract: A burner device adapted for use in a particulate filter arranged in an exhaust system in a diesel engine for incinerating particles collected by the filter. The device includes a mixing chamber for mixing the fuel and the air, the chamber has nozzles for generating flows of the mixture directed to the combustion chamber. Means are provided for pre-heating the air introduced into the mixing chamber. A trapping vaporizer is provided for improving the vaporization of the fuel in the mixing chamber.

Abstract: Particle-laden exhaust gases flow through a first stage consisting of a filter cake so the particles of sizes of the order of microns are trapped over the surface of the filter cake and agglomerated or granulated and the agglomerated or granulated particles are entrained by the flow of exhaust gases into an inertia type particle collector or separator in which they are separated from the exhaust gases and the collected particles are burned out by an electric heating element.

Abstract: A system for measuring particulate discharge from a vehicular internal combustion engine has a dilution tunnel into which exhaust gases are introduced and mixed with and diluted by clean air. A part of the diluted gases is introduced through a sampling probe into a sampled gas line in which a filter is provided to collect particulates contained in the sampled gases. A differential pressure transducer is provided to detect the pressure drop across the filter and convert the detected pressure drop into an electric signal which is fed into an operator which is operative to compute the quantity of particulate content of the engine exhaust gases on the basis of the time differential of the electric signal from the differential pressure transducer.