Abstract: The present invention is directed to the provision of a liquid crystal optical element that is inexpensive, has an ideal refractive index profile, and functions as a high-performance gradient-index lens.

Abstract: There are provided an electron beam application method and an electron beam application device capable of uniformly applying electron beams to an object even if the electron beams have a low energy. For this, electron beams (EB) are applied to a beverage container (30) (object) within a magnetic barrier (MF) formed by combining a plurality of magnetic fields generated in an electron beam application region.

Abstract: A base plate for power module, comprising an aluminum-silicon carbide composite and aluminum layers made of a metal containing aluminum as the main component formed on respective principal planes of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite, wherein the aluminum-silicon carbide composite is produced by forming or fabricating a flat plate-shaped silicon carbide porous body to have a thickness difference of at most 100 ?m in the entire porous body and piling such porous bodies as they are each sandwiched between mold-releasing plates so that the fastening torque in the plane direction becomes from 1 to 20 Nm, and infiltrating a metal containing aluminum as the main component into the silicon carbide porous bodies, wherein the aluminum layers each has an average thickness of from 10 to 150 ?m, the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the aluminum layer in each principal plane is at most 80 ?m, and the difference between average thicknesses of the aluminum layers on the respective pr

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the provision of a liquid crystal optical element that is inexpensive, has an ideal refractive index profile, and functions as a high-performance gradient-index lens.

Abstract: A heat sink with a centrifugal fan comprising: a cover of a prescribed shape including an air intake port and an air discharge port; a heat receiving block thermally connected to a heat generating part to be cooled; a bottom portion which is excellent in heat transferability, thermally connected to one face of said heat receiving block, and engaged to said cover to form a space portion; a heat dissipating fin portion comprising a plurality of fins, received within the space portion, thermally connected to said bottom portion, and having a prescribed shape including at least an air inflow portion; and a centrifugal fan, a rotating shaft of which is arranged in a vicinity of the air inflow portion of said heat dissipating fin portion, which intakes air from the air intake port, generates an air flow through spaces formed between adjacent fins of said heat dissipating fin portion, and generates another air flow along an inner wall of said cover toward said air discharge port.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a wavefront aberration correcting device comprising a liquid crystal device that maximizes transmittance and minimizes light transmittance fluctuations even when the liquid crystal is driven by voltage.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the provision of a liquid crystal optical element, for correcting wavefront aberrations (principally, coma aberration and spherical aberration), that can be mounted separately from an objective lens, and an optical apparatus using such a liquid crystal optical element. The liquid crystal optical element according to the invention includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, a liquid crystal sealed between the first and second transparent substrates, and an electrode pattern as a region for advancing or delaying the phase of a light beam and thereby correcting wavefront aberration, wherein the region is formed smaller than the field of view of the objective lens so that the region substantially stays within the field of view of the objective lens regardless of the tracking motion of tracking means.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a liquid crystal optical element that is compatible with a plurality of types of recording media and that can compensate for aberration occurring during reading. The liquid crystal optical element in accordance with the present invention includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal provided between the first and second substrates, an electrode pattern formed on one of the first and second substrates and having an aperture control field and an aberration compensation field, and an opposite electrode, which is formed on the other one of the first and second electrodes, for applying a voltage between the electrode pattern and itself.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the provision of a liquid crystal optical element that can accurately change the numerical aperture of an objective lens regardless of variations in temperature or wavelength. The liquid crystal optical element comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal provided between the first and second substrates, an electrode pattern formed on one of the first and second substrates and having an aperture control region, and an opposite electrode formed on the other one of the first and second substrates, the opposite electrode being opposed to the electrode pattern for applying a voltage therebetween, wherein a plurality of electrodes, for changing refractive index and thereby causing the incident light passing through the aperture control region to diverge, are formed in the aperture control region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compact liquid crystal optical element for optical modulation and a compact optical device. A liquid crystal optical element for optical modulation is prepared by connecting two transparent substrates, each formed with a transparent electrode and an orientation film, with a sealing member, leaving a clearance between the two transparent substrates. On at least one surface of at least one of these transparent substrates, a diaphragm is formed using a shielding member. With this arrangement, it is possible to provide a more compact liquid crystal optical element than has been conventionally available. At the same time, it is possible to substantially reduce the occurrence of noise. Therefore, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal optical element and an optical device having excellent performance.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a wavefront aberration correcting device comprising a liquid crystal deivce that maximizes transmittance and minimizes light transmittance fluctuations even when the liquid crystal is driven by voltage.

Abstract: A black pigment powder having a low value of magnetization according to the present invention is characterized in that it consists of a composite oxide containing Fe2TiO4 as a main component, wherein the total amount of Fe (II) and Fe (III) to Ti is from 150 to 300 atomic %, in such an amount that the amount of Fe (II) to the total amount of Fe (II) and Fe (III) is 0.50 or more, and that the L value of a coating according to the Hoover-type muller method is 9.0 or less. It is employed to produce a toner composition, a coating composition, a resin composition, a cosmetic material and the like.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the provision of a liquid crystal optical element, for correcting wavefront aberrations (principally, coma aberration and spherical aberration), that can be mounted separately from an objective lens, and an optical apparatus using such a liquid crystal optical element. The liquid crystal optical element according to the invention includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, a liquid crystal sealed between the first and second transparent substrates, and an electrode pattern as a region for advancing or delaying the phase of a light beam and thereby correcting wavefront aberration, wherein the region is formed smaller than the field of view of the objective lens so that the region substantially stays within the field of view of the objective lens regardless of the tracking motion of tracking means.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compact liquid crystal optical element for optical modulation and a compact optical device. A liquid crystal optical element for optical modulation is prepared by connecting two transparent substrates, each formed with a transparent electrode and an orientation film, with a sealing member, leaving a clearance between the two transparent substrates. On at least one surface of at least one of these transparent substrates, a diaphragm is formed using a shielding member. With this arrangement, it is possible to provide a more compact liquid crystal optical element than has been conventionally available. At the same time, it is possible to substantially reduce the occurrence of noise. Therefore, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal optical element and an optical device having excellent performance.

Abstract: A compact liquid crystal optical element for optical modulation and a compact optical device. A liquid crystal optical element for optical modulation is prepared by connecting two transparent substrates, each formed with a transparent electrode and an orientation film, with a sealing member, leaving a clearance between the two transparent substrates. On at least one surface of at least one of these transparent substrates, a diaphragm is formed using a shielding member. With this arrangement, it is possible to provide a more compact liquid crystal optical element than has been conventionally available. At the same time, it is possible to substantially reduce the occurrence of noise. Therefore, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal optical element and an optical device having excellent performance.

Abstract: A black pigment powder having a low value of magnetization according to the present invention is characterized in that it consists of a composite oxide containing Fe2TiO4 as a main component, wherein the total amount of Fe (II) and Fe (III) to Ti is from 150 to 300 atomic %, in such an amount that the amount of Fe (II) to the total amount of Fe (II) and Fe (III) is 0.50 or more, and that the L value of a coating according to the Hoover-type muller method is 9.0 or less. It is employed to produce a toner composition, a coating composition, a resin composition, a cosmetic material and the like.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel in which a signal electrode provided on a first substrate (1), a counter electrode provided on a second substrate (2), and a liquid crystal layer (18) between the substrates, and which carries out display without polarizers by changing the degree of transmission and scattering by means of a voltage applied to a pixel part. A light source part (27) is provided along the periphery of both substrates (1, 2), and a polarization separating device (30) is provided between the liquid crystal panel and the light source part (27).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the provision of an optical device that can easily eliminate only side lobes or side lobe components from a super-resolution optical spot.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical device that eliminates side lobes or their components from a super-resolution optical spot, and that is capable of electrically switching between super resolution and normal resolution as needed in simple manner. The optical device having a light generating unit for generating incident light and a lens system for collecting the incident light and producing a super-resolution optical spot containing a main lobe and a side lobe by modulating a portion of the incident light, comprises a polarization vector modulation unit for making polarization vectors of the side lobe and the main lobe differ from each other so that one or the other of the polarization vectors can be selected, and a polarization selective unit for eliminating the side lobe by selecting the polarization vector of the main lobe.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compact liquid crystal optical element for optical modulation and a compact optical device. A liquid crystal optical element for optical modulation is prepared by connecting two transparent substrates, each formed with a transparent electrode and an orientation film, with a sealing member, leaving a clearance between the two transparent substrates. On at least one surface of at least one of these transparent substrates, a diaphragm is formed using a shielding member. With this arrangement, it is possible to provide a more compact liquid crystal optical element than has been conventionally available. At the same time, it is possible to substantially reduce the occurrence of noise. Therefore, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal optical element and an optical device having excellent performance.