Abstract: A pressure vessel includes a pressure vessel body provided with a flow channel through which a fluid is caused to flow, having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and formed in an elongated shape, and a circular body flange provided on at least one longitudinal end side of the pressure vessel body, the pressure vessel body has a fluid inlet-outlet port which is provided on the one longitudinal end side and the body flange side of the pressure vessel body and connects with the flow channel and through which the fluid is caused to flow in or out, and the pressure vessel further includes an inlet-outlet header which is formed between the pressure vessel body and the body flange as a closed space connecting with the fluid inlet-outlet port and which the fluid is caused to flow into and out of.

Abstract: A reactor includes: a heat exchange body including a heat medium channel through which the heat medium flows and a reaction channel through which the reaction fluid flows; at least one structured catalyst supporting a catalyst for promoting the reaction of the reaction fluid and removably installed in the reaction channel; and a holding member including an extending part extending in a direction conforming to an extending direction of the reaction channel and capable of engaging with the at least one structured catalyst, and regulating parts provided in the extending part to regulate a movement of the at least one structured catalyst in the extending direction of the extending part, wherein the holding member is inserted and removed with respect to the reaction channel while holding the structured catalyst.

Abstract: A heat treatment apparatus includes: a heat exchange unit including a plurality of first channels and a plurality of second channels; a space-forming part having a space facing channel openings of the respective first channels; a first opening located in the space-forming part and having a first aperture; a flow-regulating part installed in the space in the space-forming part to regulate a flow of the first fluid; and an attachment part for removably attaching the flow-regulating part through the first aperture, wherein the space in the space-forming part is a space in which first fluid led out of the respective channel openings flows together, or a space from which the first fluid flowing together is introduced to the respective channel openings, and in a state in which the flow-regulating part is fixed in the space-forming part, the flow-regulating part is opposed to the plural channel openings.

Abstract: An end surface of each first side wall, an end surface of each first middle wall, and an end surface of each first end wall are joined to an adjacent second structure by diffusion bonding, an end surface of each second side wall, an end surface of each second middle wall, and an end surface of each second end wall are joined to an adjacent first structure or a lid structure by diffusion bonding, a thickness of each first side wall is greater than or equal to a thickness of each first middle wall, and a thickness of each second side wall is greater than or equal to a thickness of each second middle wall.

Abstract: An end surface of each first side wall, an end surface of each first middle wall, and an end surface of each first end wall are joined to an adjacent second structure by diffusion bonding, an end surface of each second side wall, an end surface of each second middle wall, and an end surface of each second end wall are joined to an adjacent first structure or a lid structure by diffusion bonding, a thickness of each first side wall is greater than or equal to a thickness of each first middle wall, and a thickness of each second side wall is greater than or equal to a thickness of each second middle wall.

Abstract: A reactor includes: a main reactor core including main reaction flow channels through which the raw material fluid flows, and main temperature control flow channels through which the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the main reaction flow channel; and a pre-reactor core including pre-reaction flow channels of which an outlet side connects with an inlet side of the main reaction flow channels and through which the raw material fluid flows, and pre-temperature control flow channels of which an inlet side connects with an outlet side of the main reaction flow channels and through which the product serving as the heat medium flows along a flow direction of the raw material fluid flowing in the pre-reaction flow channel.

Abstract: A frequent customer point management method for giving frequent customer points corresponding to use of goods from a goods provider to customers inclusive of purchasers and users of goods, using a point management system including at least a bill payer information storage portion for storing information of a payer of a bill of goods and a point information storage portion for storing information of application of a point corresponding to the goods. Bill payer information stipulating a payer of a bill of the goods is received from the customer, the bill payer information storage portion is retrieved on the basis of the bill payer information so received, and the point information storage portion is updated to stipulate the bill payer as the point acquiring party corresponding to the goods when the bill payer is found registered to the bill payer information storage portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for arranging the obverse and reverse sides of the bills or the like includes a carrying-in passage and a carrying-out passage. A reversible conveying passage is provided between the carrying-in passage and the carrying-out passage for conveying the bills from the carrying-in passage in a direction identical or opposite to the carrying-in passage.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for arranging the obverse and reverse sides of bills. The apparatus comprises a carrying-in passage, a rear conveying passage, a front conveying passage, and an accumulating wheel. The rear conveying passage and front conveying passage are divided from the carrying-in passage, and respectively lead to the accumulating wheel. The front conveying passage includes an inverting/conveying passage for inverting the leading end of the bill. Consequently the bills are accumulated in a box through the accumulating wheel so with their obverse sides or reverse sides up.