Abstract: A crystal growing method for growing a crystal from a raw material melt highly magnetic field is being applied to the raw material melt, the electromagnet for applying the magnetic field being supplied with a direct current having a ripple factor of less than 5% to thereby grow a crystal with good crystallinity properties.

Abstract: A safe static-resistant electric initiator is constructed by clamping the fitting portion of a cup having a bottom with a protruding part of a plug and the open part of a loaded shell corresponding to said plug. The electric initiator comprises an ignition device and a loaded shell having said ignition device at its open part, said ignition device comprising the cup having a bottom which is breakable by the ignition flame of an ignition composition, an ignition composition filled in said cup, the protruding part for supporting said cup and the plug provided with a bridge wire at the portions of the terminal bared parts of two leg wires which pass through the insides of the plug and said protruding part.

Abstract: A method of making a liquid phase epitaxial layer of gallium phosphide on each of two semiconductor wafers which are disposed above and below each other in parallel, and at a predetermined distance.