Abstract: A straddled vehicle, including: an engine, which includes a combustion chamber; a three-way catalyst, which is configured to purify exhaust gas exhausted from the combustion chamber; an upstream oxygen sensor, which is provided upstream of the three-way catalyst in a flow direction of the exhaust gas, and is configured to detect an oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas; a downstream oxygen sensor, which is provided downstream of the three-way catalyst in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and is configured to detect the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas; and a controller, which includes a processor, and a non-transitory storage medium containing program instructions, execution of which by the processor causes the controller to execute a detachment determination process of determining whether the three-way catalyst is detached at least based on a signal input as a signal of the downstream oxygen sensor.

Abstract: A drive train abnormality determination device for a straddled vehicle that includes a drive train having a rotator. The drive train abnormality determination device includes an angle signal output unit that periodically outputs an angle signal in accordance with rotation of the rotator, a rotator rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquisition unit that acquires a quantity related to a fluctuation in a rotation speed of the rotator, based on the angle signal from the angle signal output unit, a rough road determination unit that determines whether a distribution state or pattern satisfies a predetermined rough road condition, a continuity determination unit that determines whether the rough road condition is continuously satisfied, and a drive train abnormality determination unit that determines, responsive to a determination by the continuity determination unit that the rough road condition is continuously satisfied, that the drive train has an abnormality in its functioning.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle engine unit including an internal combustion engine and a misfire detection device. The misfire detection device includes a crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquisition unit and a misfire determination unit. The misfire determination unit includes first to third determination units. The first determination unit determines whether or not the crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquired by the crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquisition unit is greater than a set physical quantity determination reference. The second determination unit determines whether or not a fluctuation pattern constituted by a physical quantity and the crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquired at least before or after the physical quantity falls within a set misfire pattern range.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle engine unit including an internal combustion engine and a misfire detection device. The internal combustion engine has a crankshaft, and a crank angle signal output unit that periodically outputs a crank angle signal in accordance with rotation of the crankshaft. The internal combustion engine is configured to repeat at least two kinds of strokes on a cycle of every 720-degree rotation of the crankshaft. The misfire detection device includes a crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquisition unit configured to acquire a physical quantity related to an amount of fluctuation in a rotation speed of the crankshaft in one kind of stroke, out of the at least two kinds of strokes, based on the crank angle signal from the crank angle signal output unit, and a misfire determination unit configured to perform a misfire determination in response to each acquisition of the crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity.

Abstract: A drive train abnormality determination device for a straddled vehicle that includes a drive train having a rotator. The drive train abnormality determination device includes an angle signal output unit that periodically outputs an angle signal in accordance with rotation of the rotator, a rotator rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquisition unit that acquires a quantity related to a fluctuation in a rotation speed of the rotator, based on the angle signal from the angle signal output unit, a rough road determination unit that determines whether a distribution state or pattern satisfies a predetermined rough road condition, a continuity determination unit that determines whether the rough road condition is continuously satisfied, and a drive train abnormality determination unit that determines, responsive to a determination by the continuity determination unit that the rough road condition is continuously satisfied, that the drive train has an abnormality in its functioning.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle engine unit including an internal combustion engine and a misfire detection device. The internal combustion engine has a crankshaft, and a crank angle signal output unit that periodically outputs a crank angle signal in accordance with rotation of the crankshaft. The internal combustion engine is configured to repeat at least two kinds of strokes on a cycle of every 720-degree rotation of the crankshaft. The misfire detection device includes a crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquisition unit configured to acquire a physical quantity related to an amount of fluctuation in a rotation speed of the crankshaft in one kind of stroke, out of the at least two kinds of strokes, based on the crank angle signal from the crank angle signal output unit, and a misfire determination unit configured to perform a misfire determination in response to each acquisition of the crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle engine unit including an internal combustion engine and a misfire detection device. The misfire detection device includes a crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquisition unit and a misfire determination unit. The misfire determination unit includes first to third determination units. The first determination unit determines whether or not the crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquired by the crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquisition unit is greater than a set physical quantity determination reference. The second determination unit determines whether or not a fluctuation pattern constituted by a physical quantity and the crankshaft rotation speed fluctuation physical quantity acquired at least before or after the physical quantity falls within a set misfire pattern range.

Abstract: Monosodium (2S,3S)-3-[[(1S)-1-isobutozymethyl-3-methylbutyl]-carbamoyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate represented by the following formula is used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for periodontal diseases including gum disease and apical periodontitis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tooth root formation promoting factor and a method for promotion of tooth root formation, which can promote tooth root formation and which are useful in various aspects of dental therapy. Specifically, the tooth root formation promoting factor contains, as an active ingredient, proteins belonging to the FGF8 subfamily (i.e., fibroblast growth factors); and the method includes administering proteins belonging to the FGF8 subfamily to a mammalian.

Abstract: A CPU cooler is provided for effectively cooling, for example, a CPU chip mounted in a notebook-sized personal computer. An aluminum die casting is equipped with a right portion for covering a CPU package, and a left portion which is coplanar with the right portion and continuous to the right portion, thus forming a fan disposing space. A flat heat pipe is mounted on a bottom surface of the right and left portions and extends linearly. A copper plate is equipped with a first horizontal plate portion for covering the bottom surface of the right portion and the flat heat pipe, and a second horizontal plate portion which faces a second top surface in a height direction and defines the bottom side of a fan disposing space.

Abstract: A CPU cooler is provided for effectively cooling, for example, a CPU chip mounted in a notebook-sized personal computer. An aluminum die casting is equipped with a right portion for covering a CPU package, and a left portion which is coplanar with the right portion and continuous to the right portion, thus forming a fan disposing space. A flat heat pipe is mounted on a bottom surface of the right and left portions and extends linearly. A copper plate is equipped with a first horizontal plate portion for covering the bottom surface of the right portion and the flat heat pipe, and a second horizontal plate portion which faces a second top surface in a height direction and defines the bottom side of a fan disposing space.

Abstract: In a portable computer 100, an LED holder 150 is provided in the upper portion of an LCD 109 and an LED is attached inside the LED holder 150. Light emitted from the LED passes through an aperture provided in the bottom portion of the LED holder 150 and illuminates a keyboard 103.

Abstract: This invention provides pharmaceutical preparations containing highly concentrated tumor cytotoxic factor (TCF). The pharmaceutical preparations of the present invention contain highly concentrated TCF and a basic amino acid or their salts, or an organic or inorganic salt as a solubizer. The resultant compositions described in the present invention dissolve TCF at high concentrations of 10 mg/ml or over under about neutral and isotonic conditions. The resultant compositions are stable and are suitable for injection preparations.

Abstract: A key actuated secure docking apparatus for a portable computer locks the apparatus so that internal electronic devices are prevented from being detached from a base body of a docking apparatus, even if the desktop base is left without a docked portable computer. Further, the key mechanism allows the docking apparatus to be placed in a condition in which power supply for the docking apparatus cannot be turned on even if the power switch for the power supply is turned on. Data in a storage device internal to the docking apparatus cannot be stolen or destroyed by attempting docking with a portable computer since power is not supplied to the storage device.

Abstract: .beta.-Chloroalanine is prepared by reacting in an aqueous medium an aziridine-2-carboxylate with hydrogen chloride in an amount of 2.0-5.0 moles per mole of the aziridine-2-carboxyalte and causing the thus-formed .beta.-chloroalanine to selectively crystallize out from the liquid reaction mixture. Since the solution recovered after the isolation of the crystallized .beta.-chloroalanine still contains .beta.-chloroalanine and by-produced .alpha.-chloro-.beta.-alanine dissolved therein, they may be converted into an aziridine-2-carboxylate by treating them with a base to recirculate it for reuse.

Abstract: DL-cystein is produced by reacting a .beta.-halogenoalanine with a trithiocarbonate to obtain the mono(aminocarboxyethyl) ester of trithiocarbonate and then subjecting the ester to acid decomposition. The above process requires mild reaction conditions, is easy to carry out its reactions and can afford DL-cystein with high yield. It is thus an excellent production process of DL-cystein from the industrial viewpoint.

Abstract: A process for producing aziridine-2-carboxylic acid or its salts is provided which comprises treating an alpha-halogeno-beta-aminopropionitrile or its mineral acid salt with an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in water or in a water-containing organic solvent. In a preferred embodiment, aziridine-2-carboxylic acid or its salt is produced by treating the reaction mixture containing an alpha-halogeno-beta-aminopropionitrile obtained by reacting an alpha, beta-dihalogenopropionitrile or an alpha-halogenoacrylonitrile with ammonia, with an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the presence of water without isolating the alpha-halogeno-beta-aminopropionitrile from the reaction mixture beforehand.

Abstract: A process for producing a 2,3-dihalopropionitrile is provided which comprises directly halogenating acrylonitrile with a halogenating agent in the presence of a carbonate, hydrogen carbonate or hydrogen phosphate of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and in the absence of positive irradiation of light.

Abstract: Production of DL-serine by heating a strong acid type cation exchange resin having aziridine-2-carboxylic acid absorbed thereto. Specifically, an industrial process for producing DL-serine is provided which comprises treating an alpha-halogeno-beta-aminopropionitrile or its mineral acid salt in water or a water-containing organic solvent with an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to form an alkali or alkaline earth metal aziridine-2-carboxylate, treating the reaction mixture with a strong acid type cation exchange resin to cause adsorption of aziridine-2-carboxylic acid, and thereafter heating the cation-exchange resin.