Abstract: An eye examination apparatus comprises an ultrasonic transmitter for transmitting ultrasonic wave radiation to an area around an eye to be examined, an ultrasonic receiver for receiving the reflected wave radiation of the ultrasonic wave radiation, and a judging device for judging whether the eye to be examined is the right eye or the left eye based on the result of the reception by the ultrasonic receiver.

Abstract: A hand-held ophthalmological apparatus comprises a measuring unit for measuring an examinee's eye, a hand unit attached to the measuring unit and held by a measurer and a forehead contact member for contacting a forehead of the examinee. The apparatus maintains a relative positional relationship between the measuring unit and the examinee's eye during a measurement.

Abstract: An eye refractive power measuring apparatus is provided with a measuring device opposed to eyes to be examined for measuring the eye refractive power of the eyes to be examined, an eye-to-be-examined detecting device for detecting whether the eye to which the measuring device is opposed is one or the other of the eyes to be examined, a designating switch for designating the direction in which the measuring device is opposed to the eyes to be examined, and a judging whether the eye to be examined is device for judging a right eye or a left eye based on the result of the detection by the eye-to-be-examined detecting device and the direction designated by the designating switch.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a cornea shape is capable of arbitrarily changing the diameter of ring illumination projected onto the cornea. The apparatus includes a light source for supplying a beam of light, a scanner system for scanning the beam of light from the light source and forming a light spot describing a circular locus on the surface of the cornea, and a device for observing therethrough the shape of the cornea on the basis of the locus described by the beam of light reflected by the cornea. The scanner system includes a reflecting mirror having a zonal reflecting surface disposed around the cornea, and a light deflector for directing the beam of light from the light source to the zonal reflecting surface.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apapratus which avoids blurred and tainted images caused by toner being heated during idle periods by a heated photosensitive drum. In one aspect a developing roller is separated from the drum during the idle periods. In another aspect toner is forcibly removed from the developing roller by application of a reverse bias voltage during the interval between turning on a main switch and the time at which copying becomes possible.

Abstract: There is a multi-color copying apparatus having image processing functions which can easily designate arbitrary areas when the trimming or masking is executed. This apparatus comprises: an area designating device to designate the first area of the original; a first developing device to develop the image of the first area in the first color; a second developing device to develop the image of the second area in the second color; and a control circuit for making the first developing device operative without making the second developing device operative in accordance with the designation of the first area and, after completion of the development of the image of the first area, making the second developing device operative without making the first developing device operative.

Abstract: A self-conscious type eye examining apparatus is provided with a Stokes' cross cylinder in a view field window, a spherical lens group having a plurality of spherical lenses selectively disposed in the optical path of the cross cylinder, a first electric rotating device coupled to the cross cylinder to rotate the cross cylinder independently, a second electric rotating device for inserting a predetermined lens of the spherical lens group into the view field window, and a control device for controlling the rotations of the first and second electric rotating devices in a predetermined relation.

Abstract: A developing device for imparting triboelectrically charged developer to a surface to be developed includes a developer holding member disposed with a minute gap with respect to a latent image bearing member for holding and moving developer to a development station, a developer supply for supplying developer to the surface of the developer holding member, and a developer removing blade in contact with the developer holding member for removing the developer used for the development and remaining on the developer holding member, the blade having developer passage openings adjacent the portion which contacts the developer holding member to again impart removed developer to the developer holding means at a position downstream of the development station with respect to the movement of the developer and which is before the supply of developer is terminated at the developer supply.

Abstract: A device in which triboelectric charge is imparted to developer and the developer is provided to a latent image includes a developer holding member disposed with a minute gap with respect to a latent image bearing member, a doctor blade for controlling the thickness of a developer layer on the developer holding member, a developer supply, a detachable scatter preventing cover to prevent scattering of developer, the cover being positioned upstream of the developer supply and downstream of a developing station, and a member disposed on said cover for removing the developer remaining on the developer holding member, whereby development may be effected with fresh developer supplied for each cycle of development.

Abstract: Electrophotographic copying apparatus of this invention includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member, elements for forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member, and for liquid developing the latent image, and elements for removing an excess liquid developer after the development and for applying thereafter substantially uniformly an electric field on the surface of the photosensitive member with the aid, for example, of a corona discharger or an electrode. The developed image is then transferred onto a transfer material and the photosensitive member is cleaned after the transfer, wherein each of these last two functions may be accomplished by conventional elements.