Abstract: A straddled vehicle, including: an engine, which includes a combustion chamber; a three-way catalyst, which is configured to purify exhaust gas exhausted from the combustion chamber; an upstream oxygen sensor, which is provided upstream of the three-way catalyst in a flow direction of the exhaust gas, and is configured to detect an oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas; a downstream oxygen sensor, which is provided downstream of the three-way catalyst in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and is configured to detect the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas; and a controller, which includes a processor, and a non-transitory storage medium containing program instructions, execution of which by the processor causes the controller to execute a detachment determination process of determining whether the three-way catalyst is detached at least based on a signal input as a signal of the downstream oxygen sensor.

Abstract: Provided is a thermoplastic resin composition having excellent weather resistance, impact resistance, and fluidity and also excellent color developing properties and residence heat stability. A graft copolymer (A) prepared by graft polymerization of a certain amount of a specific monomer (a2)onto a certain amount of composite rubber (a1) composed of a conjugated diene rubber polymer and a cross-linked acrylic ester polymer. The tetrahydrofuran-soluble portion of the composite rubber (a1) has a weight-average molecular weight of 50000 or more in terms of polystyrene and a degree of swelling in toluene of 7.0 or more, or in the composite rubber contained in the graft copolymer, the number of particles having an equivalent-circle diameter of 150 nm or less is 50% or less of the total number of the composite rubber particles.

Abstract: A rubber-reinforced styrene type resin composition for resin foams, the resin foams having a specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.7 and a ratio of the thickness of a skin layer to the thickness of the resin foam of 0.3 to 20%; the composition comprising: 10 to 99% by weight of a rubber-reinforced styrene type resin (A) which is obtained by bulk polymerization of a rubber polymer and an aromatic vinyl monomer, a vinyl cyanide monomer, and if necessary, another monomer that is copolymerizable with these monomers, a weight average particle diameter of the rubber polymer being 0.7 to 3 ?m, and 1 to 90% by weight of a copolymer (B) which is obtained by copolymerizing an aromatic vinyl monomer, a vinyl cyanide monomer, and if necessary, another monomer that is copolymerizable with these monomers (with the total of the rubber-reinforced styrene type resin (A) and the copolymer (B) being 100% by weight).

Abstract: Provided is a thermoplastic resin composition having excellent weather resistance, impact resistance, and fluidity and also excellent color developing properties and residence heat stability. A graft copolymer (A) prepared by graft polymerization of a certain amount of a specific monomer (a2) onto a certain amount of composite rubber (a1) composed of a conjugated diene rubber polymer and a cross-linked acrylic ester polymer. The tetrahydrofuran-soluble portion of the composite rubber (a1) has a weight-average molecular weight of 50000 or more in terms of polystyrene and a degree of swelling in toluene of 7.0 or more, or in the composite rubber contained in the graft copolymer, the number of particles having an equivalent-circle diameter of 150 nm or less is 50% or less of the total number of the composite rubber particles.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake apparatus includes a tandem brake master cylinder having a rod piston moving in response to a brake pedal, and a floating piston moving in response to the rod piston; a separation valve provided in a hydraulic brake circuit connecting the brake master cylinder and brake wheel cylinders in order to establish and shut off communication between the brake master cylinder and the brake wheel cylinders; a pressure control valve unit for controlling fluid pressure to be supplied from an external fluid-pressure supply source to the brake wheel cylinders while the separation valve is in a shutoff condition; and a stroke simulator mechanism for allowing an idle stroke of the rod piston and an idle stroke of the floating piston while the separation valve is in the shutoff condition. The idle stroke of the floating piston starts during the idle stroke of the rod piston.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake apparatus includes a brake master cylinder having a rod piston moving in response to a brake pedal; a separation valve provided in a hydraulic brake circuit in order to establish and shut off communication between the brake master cylinder and the brake wheel cylinders; a pressure control valve unit for controlling fluid pressure to be supplied from an external fluid-pressure supply source to the brake wheel cylinders while the separation valve is in a shutoff condition; and a stroke simulator mechanism for allowing an idle stroke of the rod piston so as to ensure a stroke of the brake pedal in accordance with an input load to the brake pedal. An orifice is provided in a passage which establishes, during the idle stroke of the rod piston, communication between a pressure chamber and an atmospheric pressure chamber which are defined within the brake master cylinder by means of the rod piston.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake apparatus includes a brake master cylinder having a rod piston moving in response to a brake pedal; a separation valve provided in a hydraulic brake circuit in order to establish and shut off communication between the brake master cylinder and the brake wheel cylinders; a pressure control valve unit for controlling fluid pressure to be supplied from an external fluid-pressure supply source to the brake wheel cylinders while the separation valve is in a shutoff condition; and a stroke simulator mechanism for allowing an idle stroke of the rod piston so as to ensure a stroke of the brake pedal in accordance with an input load to the brake pedal. An orifice is provided in a passage which establishes, during the idle stroke of the rod piston, communication between a pressure chamber and an atmospheric pressure chamber which are defined within the brake master cylinder by means of the rod piston.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake apparatus includes a tandem brake master cylinder having a rod piston moving in response to a brake pedal, and a floating piston moving in response to the rod piston; a separation valve provided in a hydraulic brake circuit connecting the brake master cylinder and brake wheel cylinders in order to establish and shut off communication between the brake master cylinder and the brake wheel cylinders; a pressure control valve unit for controlling fluid pressure to be supplied from an external fluid-pressure supply source to the brake wheel cylinders while the separation valve is in a shutoff condition; and a stroke simulator mechanism for allowing an idle stroke of the rod piston and an idle stroke of the floating piston while the separation valve is in the shutoff condition. The idle stroke of the floating piston starts during the idle stroke of the rod piston.

Abstract: An ultrasonic microscope has an optical microscope disposed in juxtaposition therewith so that the optical microscope can directly observe a specimen to be observed by the ultrasonic microscope, by moving the specimen toward the optical microscope. The optical microscope can also observe a region where an acoustic lens of the ultrasonic microscope and the specimen face each other. For that purpose, the optical microscope is provided with an optical reflector for suiting the view of field of the optical microscope to the region where the acoustic lens and the specimen face each other. Alternatively, the optical microscope is swingably supported so that the view of field of the optical microscope is suited to the region where the acoustic lens and specimen face each other.

Abstract: Disclosed are glass compositions that are particularly suited for making colorless and transparent reflex-reflective glass beads with refractive indices over 2.15. These lead-free glass compositions are made with TiO.sub.2 as the main constituent mixed with alkaline earth oxides and alkaline metal oxides, etc.