Abstract: A method may include depositing a carbon layer on a substrate using physical vapor deposition, wherein the carbon layer exhibits compressive stress, and is characterized by a first stress value; and directing a dose of low-mass species into the carbon layer, wherein, after the directing, the carbon layer exhibits a second stress value, less compressive than the first stress value.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium according to a first technique includes an elongated substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a first reinforcing layer disposed on the first surface, a second reinforcing layer disposed on the second surface, an adhesion suppressing layer disposed on the second reinforcing layer, and a recording layer disposed on the first reinforcing layer or the adhesion suppressing layer.

Abstract: The magnetic recording medium includes a long substrate body, and a magnetic layer including a powder of cubic crystal ferrite magnetic particles. The sum of a squareness ratio in the longitudinal direction and a squareness ratio in the vertical direction is 1.2 or more, and the difference of the squareness ratio in the longitudinal direction and the squareness ratio in the vertical direction is 0.15 or more.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide methods of processing a substrate having a stack of spaced oxide layers with gaps between the oxide layers. A metallic nucleation layer is formed in the gaps and a cobalt film is deposited on the nucleation layer to form wordlines.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic recording medium including: a support body; a base layer containing carbon particle powder and metal-containing particle powder; and a recording layer. In a recording surface, a maximum indentation depth h is 85?h?140, and a ratio d of a permanent strain to an elastic recovery (permanent strain/elastic recovery) is 0.95?d?1.25.

Abstract: A permanent magnet embedded rotating electrical machine such that permanent magnets of a multiple of poles are embedded in an interior of a rotor of which one pole is configured by two permanent magnets has a rotor such that an outer periphery of the rotor and a magnet embedding hole housing the permanent magnet communicate. Magnet embedding holes are arrayed so as to form an inverted V-shape. An auxiliary process, which is a V-shape process, a boss process, a pinhole process, or a bolt hole process, is performed in a region between an inscribed circle of the magnet embedding hole and the outer periphery of the rotor in each rotor steel plate configuring the rotor.

Abstract: A perforated plate-shaped material in which a surface property/shape of a main surface of the plate-shaped material is maintained in at least a part of a hole surface forming a hole in the plate-shaped material are provided. The perforated plate-shaped material has at least one through hole penetrating from a first main surface to a second main surface opposite thereto, and in its cross-sectional shape, it has a smallest width portion on the hole surface and a first main surface portion where the hole surface terminates on the first main surface and includes a first projecting curve portion between the first main surface portion and the smallest width portion, and at least a part of the first projecting curve portion has a surface property/shape of a non-hole surface on the first main surface.

Abstract: A cogeneration apparatus includes: an airtight chamber provided within an apparatus casing and constructed to prevent exhaust gas of a prime mover from flowing out therefrom; and a relief valve provided in a water flow path within the airtight chamber and constructed to discharge the exhaust gas, contained in the water flow path, to the airtight chamber.

Abstract: A cogeneration apparatus for indoor installation includes: an airtight chamber provided within a housing, at least a power generator and an engine being accommodated within the airtight chamber; an intake duct connected to the airtight chamber for introducing air from outside the housing into the airtight chamber; and an exhaust duct connected to the engine for discharging exhaust gas of the engine. The air introduced through the intake duct cools the interior of the airtight chamber and is also sucked in to an air cleaner of the engine, and the exhaust gas of the engine is discharged directly to outside the airtight chamber through the exhaust duct.

Abstract: A cogeneration apparatus includes: an airtight chamber provided within an apparatus casing and constructed to prevent exhaust gas of a prime mover from flowing out therefrom; and a relief valve provided in a water flow path within the airtight chamber and constructed to discharge the exhaust gas, contained in the water flow path, to the airtight chamber.

Abstract: A cogeneration apparatus for indoor installation includes: an airtight chamber provided within a housing, at least a power generator and an engine being accommodated within the airtight chamber; an intake duct connected to the airtight chamber for introducing air from outside the housing into the airtight chamber; and an exhaust duct connected to the engine for discharging exhaust gas of the engine. The air introduced through the intake duct cools the interior of the airtight chamber and is also sucked in to an air cleaner of the engine, and the exhaust gas of the engine is discharged directly to outside the airtight chamber through the exhaust duct.

Abstract: A display device of the present invention switches between two displays, a main panel display and a sub-panel display, by using one driver IC. Liquid crystals having different optimal driver voltages are used in the main panel and the sub-panel, and the optimal driver voltage for the panel in which display is to be performed is output. A driver voltage that is higher or lower than the optimal driver voltage is applied to the display panel where display is not to be performed, and the entire display thereof displays a single color. Display content of the panel on which display is not to be performed cannot be identified.

Abstract: In a case where a frame display is provided on a display screen of a liquid crystal panel, the prior art necessitates data for frame display to be directly written to all the display data or 2 screenful of data to be prepared and overwritten on each other. To overcome this problem, a liquid crystal display device of the invention has an arrangement wherein a segment electrode and a common electrode constituting a pixel to be driven for normal image display are applied with a driving waveform from a driver IC, and wherein a common electrode to be placed in a normally ON state is applied with a waveform exceeding a selection voltage of any segment signal waveform for liquid crystal selection while a segment electrode to be placed in a normally ON state is applied with a waveform exceeding a selection voltage of any common signal for liquid crystal selection. This permits a frame to be displayed on the display screen.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal panel comprised of a liquid crystal material disposed between segment and common electrodes defining pixels arranged in a matrix. A driver integrated circuit generates driving segment signals and driving common signals to drive preselected ones of the segment and common electrodes, respectively, to display an image on the liquid crystal panel. The driver integrated circuit also generates a segment signal waveform and a common signal waveform to drive one of the segment electrodes and one of the common electrodes, respectively, each placed in a normally ON state and not corresponding to the preselected ones of the segment and common electrodes, respectively, so that a frame is displayed at a portion of the liquid crystal panel not corresponding to the pixels.

Abstract: A dielectric layer is formed on a first metal layer, the dielectric layer is formed with many concave portions at the upper surface. A second metal layer is formed on the dielectric layer, the second metal layer is formed with a convex portion at a position corresponding to each of many concave portions. A capacitances is generated between the first and second metal layers. The capacitor element is composed of the first metal layer, the dielectric layer and the second metal layer. The first and second metal layers are used as power supply interconnection, the capacitor element is connected between a pair of power supply interconnections. Further, the first metal layer is connected to reference voltage, and the second metal layer is used as a pad electrode. By doing so, a capacitor element is connected between the pad electrode and the reference voltage.

Abstract: A display device of the present invention switches between two displays, a main panel display and a sub-panel display, by using one driver IC. Liquid crystals having different optimal driver voltages are used in the main panel and the sub-panel, and the optimal driver voltage for the panel in which display is to be performed is output. A driver voltage that is higher or lower than the optimal driver voltage is applied to the display panel where display is not to be performed, and the entire display thereof displays a single color. Display content of the panel on which display is not to be performed cannot be identified.

Abstract: A dielectric layer is formed on a first metal layer, the dielectric layer is formed with many concave portions at the upper surface. A second metal layer is formed on the dielectric layer, the second metal layer is formed with a convex portion at a position corresponding to each of many concave portions. A capacitances is generated between the first and second metal layers. The capacitor element is composed of the first metal layer, the dielectric layer and the second metal layer. The first and second metal layers are used as power supply interconnection, the capacitor element is connected between a pair of power supply interconnections. Further, the first metal layer is connected to reference voltage, and the second metal layer is used as a pad electrode. By doing so, a capacitor element is connected between the pad electrode and the reference voltage.

Abstract: A common bias section is composed of a first series circuit having an internal resistor and an external resistor connected in series and an operational amplifier having a first input terminal connected to a reference voltage, a second input terminal connected to a Vr1 node, and an output terminal connected to the series circuit. An impedance trimming section is composed of a series circuit having an internal resistor and an impedance dummy resistor connected in series, a comparator CMP having a first input terminal connected to the Vr1 node and a second input terminal connected to a Vto1 node, a code control circuit which uses a clock signal to latch an output signal from the comparator to generate a plurality of switching codes, and a switching circuit which switch a resistance value of the impedance dummy resistor.

Abstract: A common bias section is composed of a first series circuit having an internal resistor and an external resistor connected in series and an operational amplifier having a first input terminal connected to a reference voltage, a second input terminal connected to a Vr1 node, and an output terminal connected to the series circuit. An impedance trimming section is composed of a series circuit having an internal resistor and an impedance dummy resistor connected in series, a comparator CMP having a first input terminal connected to the Vr1 node and a second input terminal connected to a Vto1 node, a code control circuit which uses a clock signal to latch an output signal from the comparator to generate a plurality of switching codes, and a switching circuit which switch a resistance value of the impedance dummy resistor.

Abstract: In a case where a frame display is provided on a display screen of a liquid crystal panel, the prior art necessitates data for frame display to be directly written to all the display data or 2 screenful of data to be prepared and overwritten on each other. To overcome this problem, a liquid crystal display device of the invention has an arrangement wherein a segment electrode and a common electrode constituting a pixel to be driven for normal image display are applied with a driving waveform from a driver IC, and wherein a common electrode to be placed in a normally ON state is applied with a waveform exceeding a selection voltage of any segment signal waveform for liquid crystal selection while a segment electrode to be placed in a normally ON state is applied with a waveform exceeding a selection voltage of any common signal for liquid crystal selection. This permits a frame to be displayed on the display screen.