Abstract: A positioning system includes: multiple positioning devices: and a center device that communicates with each of the multiple positioning devices. At least one positioning device is usable at a moving body, and includes: a positioning calculator that calculates a location dependence delay amount and a propagation distance and calculates a current position of the at least one positioning device; and a positioning communication portion that transmits the location dependence delay amount. The center device includes: an update portion that updates a distribution location dependence delay amount; and a distribution communication portion that transmits the distribution location dependence delay amount to at least one of the multiple positioning devices.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearer, an exposure device, a development unit, an adjuster, and a magnetic member. The exposure device forms a latent image on a surface of the image bearer. The developing unit renders the latent image visible with developer including toner and carrier. The adjuster contacts each of the image bearer and the exposure device to regulate a distance between the image bearer and the exposure device. The magnetic member is arranged side by side with the adjuster in a direction of rotation of the image bearer.

Abstract: In a laser ignition device which is mounted in an internal combustion engine and at least includes a laser spark plug equipped with an optical window which protects an optical device from high temperature and high pressure generated in a combustion chamber and a prechamber cap equipped with a cylindrical prechamber, a prechamber throat portion that is a bottomed cylinder with a sectional area smaller than that of the prechamber, and a plurality of prechamber spray holes which communicate with a combustion chamber on a side of a closed end of the prechamber throat portion, the prechamber cap is arranged between the optical window and the combustion chamber. A converging point FP is located inside the prechamber to ignite an air-fuel mixture delivered into the prechamber, thereby jetting combustion flames from the prechamber into the combustion chamber to fire the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A first encoding part encodes a reference timing determined by a reference clock by using a delay line. A second encoding part encodes a measurement start timing and a measurement end timing of a measurement period determined by a measurement signal to be measured by also using the delay line. A count part counts the reference clocks included in the measurement period. A fraction calculation part calculates a start fraction number indicating a time difference from the measurement start timing and an immediately-following reference timing and an end fraction number indicating a time difference from the measurement end timing to an immediately-following reference timing, based on the encoding result. The fraction calculation part then calculates a fraction data indicating a difference between the measurement period and a product of the period of the reference timing and the count value of the count part.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearer, an exposure device, a development unit, an adjuster, and a magnetic member. The exposure device forms a latent image on a surface of the image bearer. The developing unit renders the latent image visible with developer including toner and carrier. The adjuster contacts each of the image bearer and the exposure device to regulate a distance between the image bearer and the exposure device. The magnetic member is arranged side by side with the adjuster in a direction of rotation of the image bearer.

Abstract: In a laser ignition device which is mounted in an internal combustion engine and at least includes a laser spark plug equipped with an optical window which protects an optical device from high temperature and high pressure generated in a combustion chamber and a prechamber cap equipped with a cylindrical prechamber, a prechamber throat portion that is a bottomed cylinder with a sectional area smaller than that of the prechamber, and a plurality of prechamber spray holes which communicate with a combustion chamber on a side of a closed end of the prechamber throat portion, the prechamber cap is arranged between the optical window and the combustion chamber. A converging point FP is located inside the prechamber to ignite an air-fuel mixture delivered into the prechamber, thereby jetting combustion flames from the prechamber into the combustion chamber to fire the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A digital control oscillator circuit includes: a ring oscillator having delay elements delaying a pulse signal; a counter circuit counting the circulation number of the pulse signal; a rough period generation unit acquiring a period setting value as a magnification ratio for a reference clock, and counting the reference clock using an integer part of the ratio to generate a rough period timing; a fraction conversion unit converting a decimal point part of the ratio into the number of the elements passed by the pulse signal to generate a fraction; and an output processing unit selecting a timing when outputs of the ring oscillator and the counter circuit become values corresponding to the fraction as an output timing when a time corresponding to the fraction has passed after the rough period timing, and generating an output signal oscillating at a period represented by the period setting value according to the output timing.

Abstract: In a gyro sensor, a TDC detects a magnitude of vibration of a vibrator. A drive circuit (excluding the TDC) determines a duty ratio of a PWM drive signal in accordance with the magnitude of vibration so that the magnitude of vibration becomes a predetermined magnitude and outputs the PWM drive signal having the determined duty ratio. The drive circuit (excluding the TDC) includes a control circuit and a DCO. The control circuit measures time corresponding to the control value by using a gate delay time, generates the PWM drive signal having a pulse width corresponding to the control value and outputs the PWM drive signal.

Abstract: A digital control oscillator circuit includes: a ring oscillator having delay elements delaying a pulse signal; a counter circuit counting the circulation number of the pulse signal; a rough period generation unit acquiring a period setting value as a magnification ratio for a reference clock, and counting the reference clock using an integer part of the ratio to generate a rough period timing; a fraction conversion unit converting a decimal point part of the ratio into the number of the elements passed by the pulse signal to generate a fraction; and an output processing unit selecting a timing when outputs of the ring oscillator and the counter circuit become values corresponding to the fraction as an output timing when a time corresponding to the fraction has passed after the rough period timing, and generating an output signal oscillating at a period represented by the period setting value according to the output timing.

Abstract: A first encoding part encodes a reference timing determined by a reference clock by using a delay line. A second encoding part encodes a measurement start timing and a measurement end timing of a measurement period determined by a measurement signal to be measured by also using the delay line. A count part counts the reference clocks included in the measurement period. A fraction calculation part calculates a start fraction number indicating a time difference from the measurement start timing and an immediately-following reference timing and an end fraction number indicating a time difference from the measurement end timing to an immediately-following reference timing, based on the encoding result. The fraction calculation part then calculates a fraction data indicating a difference between the measurement period and a product of the period of the reference timing and the count value of the count part.

Abstract: A lubricant supplying device includes: lubricant; a supplying member that supplies the lubricant to a lubricant supply target; and a remaining amount detecting unit that detects that a remaining amount of the lubricant is equal to or smaller than a certain amount. The remaining amount detecting unit includes a first electrode member and a second electrode member. The lubricant supplying device includes a member that causes at least a part of the second electrode member to move and causes the second electrode member to abut the first electrode member with an increase in consumption of the lubricant.

Abstract: A lubricant supply device includes a solid lubricant, a lubricant holder to hold the solid lubricant, a lubricant supply member to supply lubricant to a lubrication target, a pressing member to press the solid lubricant toward the lubricant supply member, and a pressing force adjuster to change an amount of pressing force exerted by the pressing member.

Abstract: A toner container for use with an image forming apparatus. The toner container comprises a toner storage section, a toner outlet at a circumferential surface of the toner container, and a shutter at the circumferential surface of the toner container. The toner container further comprises an electronic element, disposed at the same end of the toner container as the toner outlet to communicate with the image forming apparatus. The toner outlet and the electronic element are disposed along a line which is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the toner storing section. Further, there is a projection on the circumferential surface of the toner container.

Abstract: A detachable device, which can be included in an image forming apparatus, includes a unit drive mechanism, and a cover disposed at one end and an opposite end in the given attachment/detachment direction to cover the unit drive mechanism thereof. The cover includes a first cover and a second cover. The first cover includes at least one first inlet port to intake air from the apparatus body and guide the air to the detachable unit. The second cover includes a second inlet port to intake the air guided into the detachable unit and an air outlet port to exhaust the air introduced from the second inlet port to the apparatus body.

Abstract: In an embodiment, provided is a lubricant supplying device that includes: a solid lubricant; a supplying member that supplies lubricant of the solid lubricant to a lubricant supplying target; and a remaining amount detecting unit that detects an amount of the solid lubricant being at a given amount or less. The remaining amount detecting unit is provided on a downstream side in a rubbing direction of the supplying member with respect to the solid lubricant.

Abstract: A lubricant supplying device includes: lubricant; a supplying member that supplies the lubricant to a lubricant supply target; and a remaining amount detecting unit that detects that a remaining amount of the lubricant is equal to or smaller than a certain amount. The remaining amount detecting unit includes a first electrode member and a second electrode member. The lubricant supplying device includes a member that causes at least a part of the second electrode member to move and causes the second electrode member to abut the first electrode member with an increase in consumption of the lubricant.

Abstract: An image carrier includes a tubular image carrier body to carry an image on an outer circumferential surface thereof, a shaft disposed inside the image carrier body, a first flange mounted on the shaft, and a second flange spaced apart from the first flange in an axial direction of the image carrier and mounted on the shaft. Each of the first flange and the second flange includes a through-hole contacting the shaft, a first engagement portion to engage a lateral end of the image carrier body in the axial direction of the image carrier, and a second engagement portion, constituting at least a part of the through-hole, to engage the shaft. The second engagement portion is disposed inboard from the first engagement portion in the axial direction of the image carrier.

Abstract: A toner container and an image forming apparatus are disclosed. The toner container includes a guiding member formed at a part surrounding a toner outlet to be protruded from a circumferential surface of the toner container for guiding an opening or closing operation of a shutter member in a circumferential direction of the toner container. The image forming apparatus includes an image forming apparatus main body. The image forming apparatus main body includes a main body side shutter for opening or closing a toner supplying opening to be connected to the toner outlet. When the shutter member is opened, an end surface of the guiding member pushes the main body side shutter together with the opening operation of the shutter member, and the toner supplying opening is opened and is connected to the toner outlet.

Abstract: A toner container and an image forming apparatus are disclosed. The toner container includes a guiding member formed at a part surrounding a toner outlet to be protruded from a circumferential surface of the toner container for guiding an opening or closing operation of a shutter member in a circumferential direction of the toner container. The image forming apparatus includes an image forming apparatus main body. The image forming apparatus main body includes a main body side shutter for opening or closing a toner supplying opening to be connected to the toner outlet. When the shutter member is opened, an end surface of the guiding member pushes the main body side shutter together with the opening operation of the shutter member, and the toner supplying opening is opened and is connected to the toner outlet.

Abstract: A toner container detachably attached to a toner-container holder of a main body of an image forming apparatus includes a container body that includes an opening, and discharges toner contained in the container body, from the opening; and a held portion that is held by the toner-container holder in a non-rotating manner. The held portion includes an open/close member for opening/closing the toner outlet in synchronization with an attachment/detachment operation of the held portion to/from the toner-container holder.