Abstract: Provided is a heterocyclic compound that can have an antagonistic action on an NMD A receptor containing the NR2B subunit and that is expected to be useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for depression, bipolar disorder, migraine, pain, peripheral symptoms of dementia and the like. A compound represented by the formula (I), wherein each symbol is as defined in the DESCRIPTION, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Provided are a cell population substantially consisting of mammalian cells that are positive for cell surface markers CD31 and CD200 and negative for CD45; a cell population substantially consisting of mammalian cells that are positive for cell surface markers CD31, CD157 and CD200 and negative for CD45; a mammalian vascular endothelial stem cell that is positive for the cell surface marker CD31, positive for at least one of CD157 and CD200, and negative for CD45; and a medicament for vascular regeneration, comprising any of the cell populations or the vascular endothelial stem cells as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a compound acting as a specific agonist for LPA4 receptors, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound. The present invention relates to a novel lysophosphatidic acid derivative having an agonistic action on LPA4 receptors and useful for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of diseases associated with angiogenesis abnormalities involving LPA4 receptors, diseases associated with vascular disorders, or the symptoms associated therewith, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the derivative.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a compound acting as a specific agonist for LPA4 receptors, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound. The present invention relates to a novel lysophosphatidic acid derivative having an agonistic action on LPA4 receptors and useful for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of diseases associated with angiogenesis abnormalities involving LPA4 receptors, diseases associated with vascular disorders, or the symptoms associated therewith, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the derivative.

Abstract: Provided is a heterocyclic compound that can have an antagonistic action on an NMD A receptor containing the NR2B subunit and that is expected to be useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for depression, bipolar disorder, migraine, pain, peripheral symptoms of dementia and the like. A compound represented by the formula (I), wherein each symbol is as defined in the DESCRIPTION, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for artificially producing a vascular endothelial stem cell from a non-vascular endothelial stem cell. The method for producing a vascular endothelial stem cell of the present invention comprises the step of bringing a vascular endothelial cell possessing no stem cell properties into contact with a factor secreted by an organ of a neonatal or juvenile mammal. The step may be a step of (1) transplanting the vascular endothelial cell possessing no stem cell properties into the organ of the neonatal or juvenile mammal, wherein the mammal is a non-human mammal, or (2) culturing the vascular endothelial cell possessing no stem cell properties in a culture system containing the factor secreted by the organ of the neonatal or juvenile mammal.

Abstract: Provided is a novel aromatic ring compound which may have a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action. A compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as described in the DESCRIPTION, or a salt thereof may have a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action, may be useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac failure, diabetic complications, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia and the like, and may afford superior efficacy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug delivery enhancer comprising, as an active ingredient, a substance that activates a lysophospholipid receptor, the enhancer being intended to be used for enhancing the delivery of a therapeutic drug for a disease involving abnormal blood vessel formation to an affected area; a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease involving abnormal blood vessel formation, the composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a substance that activates a lysophospholipid receptor; and a method for screening for a therapeutic drug for a disease involving abnormal blood vessel formation, the method comprising selecting a substance that activates a lysophospholipid receptor specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells of an affected area.

Abstract: A lysophospholipid receptor-activating substance is able to normalize abnormal blood vessels in tumors without affecting normal blood vessels and to thus induce or promote infiltration of leukocytes into the whole or partial region of a tumor. Therefore, such a lysophospholipid receptor-activating substance is useful as a leukocyte infiltration promoter and an antitumor immunostimulant. Moreover, such a lysophospholipid receptor-activating substance can enhance cancer immunotherapy when used in combination with cancer immunotherapy, and is therefore useful as an agent for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.

Abstract: Provided is a novel aromatic ring compound which may have a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action. A compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as described in the DESCRIPTION, or a salt thereof may have a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action, may be useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac failure, diabetic complications, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia and the like, and may afford superior efficacy.

Abstract: Provided are a cell population substantially consisting of mammalian cells that are positive for cell surface markers CD31 and CD200 and negative for CD45; a cell population substantially consisting of mammalian cells that are positive for cell surface markers CD31, CD157 and CD200 and negative for CD45; a mammalian vascular endothelial stem cell that is positive for the cell surface marker CD31, positive for at least one of CD157 and CD200, and negative for CD45; and a medicament for vascular regeneration, comprising any of the cell populations or the vascular endothelial stem cells as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Provided is a novel aromatic ring compound which may have a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action. A compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as described in the DESCRIPTION, or a salt thereof may have a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action, may be useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac failure, diabetic complications, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia and the like, and may afford superior efficacy.

Abstract: Provided is a novel aromatic ring compound which may have a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action. A compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as described in the DESCRIPTION, or a salt thereof may have a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action, may be useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac failure, diabetic complications, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia and the like, and may afford superior efficacy.

Abstract: Provided are agents comprising a phosphatidylcholine as an active ingredient to serve as a vein-formation promoting agent capable of promoting vein-like morphological change of tumor vessels, a vessel-diameter enlarging agent capable of enlarging the diameter of tumor vessels, a blood vessel-connection promoting agent capable of promoting connection of tumor vessels to each other without mediation of a lysophospholipid receptor, a leukocyte-infiltration promoting agent capable of promoting infiltration of leukocytes throughout a tumor region without mediation of a lysophospholipid receptor, and an antitumor immunostimulatory agent capable of promoting infiltration of leukocytes throughout a tumor region without mediation of a lysophospholipid receptor.

Abstract: A lysophospholipid receptor-activating substance is able to normalize abnormal blood vessels in tumors without affecting normal blood vessels and to thus induce or promote infiltration of leukocytes into the whole or partial region of a tumor. Therefore, such a lysophospholipid receptor-activating substance is useful as a leukocyte infiltration promoter and an antitumor immunostimulant. Moreover, such a lysophospholipid receptor-activating substance can enhance cancer immunotherapy when used in combination with cancer immunotherapy, and is therefore useful as an agent for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.

Abstract: Provided is a novel aromatic ring compound having a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action. A compound represented by the formula: wherein each symbol is as described in the DESCRIPTION, or a salt thereof has a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action, is useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac failure, diabetic complications, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia and the like, and affords superior efficacy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug delivery enhancer comprising, as an active ingredient, a substance that activates a lysophospholipid receptor, the enhancer being intended to be used for enhancing the delivery of a therapeutic drug for a disease involving abnormal blood vessel formation to an affected area; a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease involving abnormal blood vessel formation, the composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a substance that activates a lysophospholipid receptor; and a method for screening for a therapeutic drug for a disease involving abnormal blood vessel formation, the method comprising selecting a substance that activates a lysophospholipid receptor specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells of an affected area.

Abstract: Provided is a compound represented by the following formula (1) or a salt thereof, which has an SSTR5 antagonistic action: wherein each symbol has the same definition as in the specification.

Abstract: Provided is a novel aromatic ring compound having a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action. A compound represented by the formula: wherein each symbol is as described in the DESCRIPTION, or a salt thereof has a GPR40 agonist activity and a GLP-1 secretagogue action, is useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac failure, diabetic complications, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia and the like, and affords superior efficacy.

Abstract: A vascular maturation, normalization or stabilization agent, or a Tie-2 activation agent, is provided comprising an extract derived from a plant belonging to the genus Cinnamomum.