Abstract: A membrane structure includes an airtight pressure-resistant gasbag and a shape maintaining mechanism which maintains the gasbag in a predetermined shape when the gasbag is in a fully inflated state. The gasbag includes a plurality of spindle-shaped gores of an airtight membrane material, adjacent gores joined together at edges, and a plurality of reinforcing ropes attached to joined sections of the edges, the reinforcing ropes extending along the edges, respectively. Each of the gores outwardly protrudes between two adjacent reinforcing ropes extending along the edges of the gore, respectively, without elongation of the airtight membrane material, when the gasbag is in the fully inflated state. Each protruding gore has a radius of curvature in a direction intersecting the two adjacent reinforcing ropes. The radius of curvature is smaller than a radius of the gasbag.

Abstract: A gas X is sealed into a test film bag, which is obtained by processing a test plastic film into a bag, and has a known mass and surface area. The mass of the test film bag in which the gas is sealed is measured by an electronic balance a plurality of numbers of times on the time series while the temperature is kept constant in a constant temperature vessel which is filled with a gas Y different from the gas X so as to make the pressure in the vessel equal to the internal pressure of the test film bag. A transmission rate associated with the gas X is then computed from the relationship between the measurement results, the mass of the test film bag alone, and the surface area by a computer.

Abstract: A gas X is sealed into a test film bag, which is obtained by processing a test plastic film into a bag, and has a known mass and surface area. The mass of the test film bag in which the gas is sealed is measured by an electronic balance a plurality of numbers of times on the time series while the temperature is kept constant in a constant temperature vessel which is filled with a gas Y different from the gas X so as to make the pressure in the vessel equal to the internal pressure of the test film bag. A transmission rate associated with the gas X is then computed from the relationship between the measurement results, the mass of the test film bag alone, and the surface area by a computer.

Abstract: A pressure-resistant balloon includes a gasbag and a volume changing mechanism which deforms the gasbag in a fully inflated state to change a volume of the gasbag. The gasbag includes spindle-shaped gores of an airtight film material, adjacent gores joined together at side edges, and load tapes fitted to joined sections of the side edges, and extending along the side edges, respectively. After inflated, the gasbag allows no gas to be discharged so as to maintain an internal gas pressure. Each of the gores outwardly protrudes between two adjacent load tapes without an elongation of the airtight film material of the gore, when the gasbag is in the fully inflated state. The protruding gore has a radius of curvature in a direction intersecting with the two adjacent load tapes. The radius of curvature is smaller than a radius of the gasbag.

Abstract: A balloon comprising an envelope, wherein the envelope has a multilayered structure comprising a gas-impervious sheet, and a liquid absorbent sheet overlaid on the inner surface of the gas-impervious sheet.

Abstract: A pressure-resistant balloon includes a gasbag and a volume changing mechanism which deforms the gasbag in a fully inflated state to change a volume of the gasbag. The gasbag includes spindle-shaped gores of an airtight film material, adjacent gores joined together at side edges, and load tapes fitted to joined sections of the side edges, and extending along the side edges, respectively. After inflated, the gasbag allows no gas to be discharged so as to maintain an internal gas pressure. Each of the gores outwardly protrudes between two adjacent load tapes without an elongation of the airtight film material of the gore, when the gasbag is in the fully inflated state. The protruding gore has a radius of curvature in a direction intersecting with the two adjacent load tapes. The radius of curvature is smaller than a radius of the gasbag.

Abstract: A balloon comprising an envelope, wherein the envelope has a multilayered structure comprising a gas-impervious sheet, and a liquid absorbent sheet overlaid on the inner surface of the gas-impervious sheet.

Abstract: Based on a shape of gores of the Natural-Shaped Balloon, side edge parts of gores having a large width and a large length are connected to load tapes of a length equal to a circumferential length of a side edge part of the gores of the Natural-Shaped Balloon, in a state that wrinkles are formed uniformly and shortened on the side edge parts of the gores. As these gores are swollen out from between the load tapes from the beginning, the radius of curvature of the gores becomes small and the tension against the internal pressure of gas within a gas bag becomes small, so that higher pressure resistance is obtained. Further, a manufacturing method of the present invention is for connecting the side edge parts of the gores with the load tapes while shortening the length of the side edge parts. Thus, it is possible to efficiently manufacture this super-pressure balloon.

Abstract: A test head structure for a semiconductor test system which makes the replacement of pin cards in the test head easy. The test head is formed of a performance board for mounting a semiconductor device to be tested on; a mother board for functioning as an interface for achieving electric connection between the performance board and pin cards; and a back board for supporting and positioning the pin cards in combination with a housing of the test head. The back board is provided in parallel with an upper surface of the housing of the test head by being fixed inside of the housing, wherein the upper surface of the back board is directly attached to the lower surface of the mother board. Pin cards can be accessed to the test head through the bottom of the test head to be connected to or disconnected from the back board through connectors provided on the lower surface of the back board.